Designing a 1MW Solar Power Plant

figure a 1MW Solar post PlantIntroductionCE 1.1 diverge the air con on, its 45 degrees Celsius already, said my mum. The weariness of stifling light up with the tops of dry 45 degrees Celsius radiated in her tone. But there was no electricity for the past 9 hours. Wretched in the state of disbelief, I realized the painful dilemma of Electricity load shedding was worsening day by day. Thats when I thought to channelize my applied science skills to spank this issue. And it was back then in 7th Semester of my Bachelors of Mechanical engine room (University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore) in 2012, I planned to use the scorching heat to set off electricity and design an alternative for the conventional method. I later flip this idea to my professors who took me under their wings and mentored me to design and present it as a final year experience.I was heading a conclave of 4 group up members.BackgroundCE 1.2 During my fifth semester in the university I fecesvas a sub ject related to renewable vital force resources and it fascinated me bighearted time. Most of these resources ar environmentally friendly and they would be here to litigate us even when the other traditional sinew resources would be depleted. in starticular in state of matter like Pakistan, its the need of hour to explore the renewable resources. Despite having the potential, Pakistan is postal code deficient. I decided to croak on renewable capability resources during my final year project in an attempt to dish the country with potential ways to wee energy.Nature of projectCE 1.3 The nature of the project was to study the renewable resources currently deployed in the country and the scope of sustainable energy in the country. Particularly, Concent sayd Solar Power was the principal(prenominal) focus of the project including development of concentrated solar caloric power by using Parabolic Trough Technology.Objective of the foregather to itCE 1.4 The objective of the project was to design 1MW solar power fix using parabolical boulder clay technology and aid Pakistan to overcome energy crisis by using the economical energy resources.Nature of My Particular work theatreCE 1.5 Being the leader of the group, I had to perform umpteen duties. Some of them are listed to a lower placeAssigning tasks to team membersKeep pass across of the work done by group membersArrange meetings between group members and supervisory programSelection of technology for solar powerDesign calculations continue writingCE 1.6 Organizational structurePersonal Engineering exertionCE 1.7 After being selected as leader it was my responsibility to catch the project right away. So that it could be send awayed on time. I divided the project into assorted parts and assigned each part to different member of the group. I had to perform the design calculations and report writing. former(a) two members had to do literature review, select a storage clay and provide concl usion and recommendations.CE 1.8 To control the overall project it was call for to set target dates for each activity, I apply Microsoft project to aid me in project planning. While assigning the tasks to the members, I excessively make sure to give them a particular time period to swallow each task. After assigning the tasks I kept track of their performances by conducting frequent meetings. If someone was lagging behind, I made sure to help him finish the task within advised time. It helped me a lot to finish the project efficiently before the overdue date.CE 1.9 I had to hold in the supervisor aware of the progress of project. During the project I had m any meetings with the supervisor for the consultation and as well as to report the progress of team members and myself. I had to keep record of all the activities from start of the project manger the end and present them to the supervisor from time to time to see whether we were on track or not.CE 1.10 Basically solar powe r can be used in two different ways to produce the energy Concentrating solar power and Photovoltaic. I had to decide which technology we were dismission to use in our project. The reason behind selecting the density technology was that the enchanting materials are more expensive than the reflecting materials. In concent ration technology a large surface of reflecting material concent place the solar power on to a smaller absorbing surface of a collector. Second reason was, due to small size of the collector surface the rate of heat loss from the collector would be low and they can be used at an elevated temperature.CE 1.11 After selecting the concentrating solar power as main source, I had to pick one of the man ways to concentrate solar power like Parabolic Trough, Solar power Tower, Dish String, Fresnel reflectors. retentivity the local conditions in Lahore in mind and to get a teeny flexibility I selected parabolic trough. Local conditions in Lahore are often suitable to produce power using a parabolic trough and it could also be used with constant tracking or seasonally adjusted, depending upon the faculty needed and finances available.CE 1.12 To begin with the designing, first I had to find the set of enthalpies at different points of the pedal. After that I had to target the energy required from concentration and unstable and cooling media flow rate rates required to produce 1MW electricity. That energy helped me to decide the field requirement and tack together solar filed.CE 1.13 On the basis on the environment topically in Lahore, I had to set some input parameters for the design. The solar shaft of light in Lahore was enough to produce the required input temperature and on the home of temperature the value of operating pressure was fixed.Parameters I used, are effrontery infraPower Output at Turbine Shaft steam clean Pressure to gate of Turbine Steam Pressure at the spill of Turbine Steam Temperature to Inlet of Turbine specif ic heat capacity water CE 1.14 In designing different assumptions were made on the basis of literature review.Assumptions used in calculations are given belowSteam Generator Efficiency = 85isentropic Efficiency of Turbine Isentropic Efficiency of Pump Reflectors Absorbers Combined Efficiency arrive Usage Factor Condenser Water Temperature Difference Solar insulation CE 1.15 After setting all the parameters and assumptions I did Enthalpy Calculations.The Rankine round of drinks and line diagram of such a system are shown belowFigure 1 Real Rankine cycle (non-ideal)The real life Rankine cycle is composed of 6 processes as shown higher up in figure 1. peak 1-2, boiler increases the fluid temperature and pressure to substitute it to a point where the rundown of latent heat will lead to the conversion of placid into firm locomote, as shown from point 2-3 submit 3-4 leads to a pressure increase to convert the wet liquid into superheated steam. After the work done by the steam , academic degree 5-6, the losses in pressure and temperature due to turbine work leading to the side by side(p) stage where condensation occurs. The working fluid is heated a cow chip to improve the efficiency of the system and the cycle is repeated again. The process is illustrated in figure 1.The figure 2 shows all these processes in a parabolic trough system. From stage 1-2, concentrated solar energy increases the fluid temperature and pressure. Stage 2-3 converts this fluid into wet steam, using solar energy. During stage 3-4, further appurtenance of energy converts the liquid into superheated steam. Pressurized superheated steam expands in a steam turbine which operates a generator to produce electricity. In the last stage, this low pressure and temperature steam, eventually, condenses into fluid again.Figure 2 Parabolic Trough SystemThe determine of enthalpies and entropies at different temperatures and pressures, at different points in Rankine cycle, were taken from the steam table. The hydrogen of steam at the inlet of steam turbine (h4) at the pressure and temperature values ofSo The entropy of steam at the inlet of steam turbine (S4) at the pressure and temperature values ofSo Because the ideal expansion in the steam turbine was IsentropicSo The entropy of the steam at the hold reveal of steam turbine can be determined from the formulaWhere The entropies of steam at the exit of steam turbine (SE) at the pressure value ofSo, by using above given formula, the valve of dryness fraction wasTo find the atomic number 1 of steam at the exit of steam turbine (Ideal), following equation was used = The enthalpies of steam at the exit of steam turbine (SE) at the pressure value ofThenThe isentropic efficiency of the steam turbine was given by the following relation development equationThe actual dryness fraction now can be cypher from the following relation = So The enthalpy of steam later the condenser at the stage 6 was given byV1 is the specific volume of the saturated liquid taken from the steam table at P5The work of pump was calculated using the formulaThe enthalpy of liquid at the outlet of pump i.e. at stage 1 was given asSo The isentropic efficiency of the pump was given by the following relationUsing above equation, the actual value of enthalpy can be calculatedSo CE 1.16 Using the enthalpies calculated in the earlier step, I calculated the steam flow rate. The energy required to convert the saturated liquid from point 1 into superheated steam to point 4 is given byThe work rig/kg of steam flow of the turbine was given byThe power output at the outlet of turbine was obtained by dividing the system output by generator efficiency so it was given byThis output was equal to turbine work output/kg of steam flow multiplied by its flow rate so given by the following formulaCE 1.17 Steam flow rate was used to calculate the condenser water flow rate.The heat rejected by the water in the condenser/kg of water flow was calcula ted asIf the temperature differential of inlet and outlet of condenser is thenSo, the total energy that we require from solar concentration to generate 1MW electricity was calculated byThis is the amount of energy we return to produce from the concentration of solar irradiance using solar field consists of reflectors and receivers.CE 1.18 After calculating the energy required from solar concentration, I used that energy to calculate the size of filed required. I already had the assumed values of solar insulation G and combined efficiency of absorber and reflectors. Reflector area was calculated using following formulaWhere is the reflector area in m2SoTaking into account the land usage factor Lu=60%SoCE 1.19 In the last step I calculated the overall efficiency of the localize by taking ratio of power output to power input.Where So the overall efficiency comes out to beCE 1.20 In safety talks I cautioned my team members to be careful around the hot surfaces. I placed the ensamp le signs near high temperature and high pressure points.I advised my group members to cling to their skin by covering it or by using sunscreen, fleck working outside, so that they could avoid sunburns. Due to these precautions, project was completed without any personal injuries.SummaryCE 1.21 After all the hard yards of 6 months, I was able to present my design of 1 MW power plant run by solar power aimed to reduce energy deficiency. I presented it as my final year project (combined power point notification + project report) in front of project supervisor, chairman of mechanical engineering department and an external examiner. It was a stepping stone in power patience in Pakistan. 1 MW power plant can produced sufficient energy to cater for the normal operation of the community households. Moreover, the innovation could not precisely reduce the global carbon foot print but it could also shift the reliance from already depleting traditional fossil fuel resources. This project h elped to understand that its need of the day to switch our focus to renewable energy resources to cope with energy deficiency, more local councils are now further to switch to micro energy renewable resources and design such plants. In the end, I would like to say that it was a great honor for me to see people getting inspiration from my work and using the renewable energy to fix the biggest problem of the country.