Body Image, Self Esteem and Eating Relationship | Methods

Body Image, Self flirt with and Eating Relationship MethodsMethodologyIn this chapter, we are going to prove the seek bod, respondents, instrument, procedure and data analysis that we use at doing the explore study. For our query, we utilise Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16B), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), and Eating Attitudes turn out (EAT-26) at investigating the relevance of personify image with twain conceit and eat attitudes. Further much, participants were focused at effeminate Foundation students of UTAR. Details were promote discussed in our following subtopic.Research DesignResearch design is specify as a tool to gather relevant evidence that impact with a specification of the type of useful evidences needed for answering our search question, testing a theory and to describing some phenomenon shown (McGaghie, Bordage, Crandall, Pangaro, 2001). In other words, research design is to answer the primary question as suggested in our research clear enough from the uncertainty. In this study, a quantitative research with cross-sectional design was selected to use. A quantitative research refers to an empirical method used to explain phenomena by collecting numerical data. The term cross-sectional design implies that one or more samples are drawn from the population at one point of time (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, Zechmeister, 2010).In addition, a purposive sample distribution particularly the stratified purposeful sampling was utilized in this research. In a purposive sample, the sample is typically designed to pick a small upshot of cases that result yield the most information virtually a particular phenomenon. In other words, it involves selecting information-rich cases for in-depth study. Purposive sampling leads to greater depth of information from a smaller number of carefully selected cases (Teddlie Yu, 2007). On the other hand, a stratified purposeful sampling presenting and providing characteristics of particular subgroup s of interestingness and facilitates comparison. It involves capture major variations rather than to identify a common aggregate (Patton, 1990).RespondentsThe female Foundation students in UTAR (Perak Campus) have been targeted as the population of this research. thither are 1427 female Foundation students and a sample consisted of 100 students (N=100) from both science and art streams participated in this study. In balancing the remains surface groups, 50 plump and 50 scale down female participants amidst the ages of 18 to 23 years old (M= 20.16, SD= 1.45) were selected.This study focused on female Foundation students is that they are at a much higher cast to experience luggage compartment image disturbance and disordered have than males (Serdar, n.d.). In having adjustment to new lifestyle, females might have thought changing and more aware of themselves and how others perceive them as they meet more new passel in the new environment. Whereas, the relationship between bo dy image dissatisfaction and eating disorders has not significantly correlated with males (Furnham, Badmin, Sneade, 2002 Wimbish, 2009) and hence, the study did not include males to keep open the possibility of producing extreme scores.InstrumentBody Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16B). The BSQ 16-item is a bang-up self-report questionnaire unquestionable by Evans and Dolan (1993) to assess body dissatisfaction and concern over body underframe. Participants assess the items based on a six-point Likert exfoliation, ranging from 1 = never to 6 = always with higher scores luff greater body shape dissatisfaction. Items are all presented as self-statement such as Have you been fearful that you might become fat (or fatter)? (item 2) and Has seeing your reflection (e.g. in a mirror or shop window) make you feel bad nigh your shape? (item 13). The BSQ-16B has been found to be a reliable and valid bank note of body image satisfaction as it had been shown to have peachy test-retest dep endability (.88) (Hudson, 2008) and excellent internal consistency (.95) (Pook, Tuschen-Caffier, Brahler, 2008).Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). The RSE is a 10-item self-report questionnaire developed by Rosenberg (1965) to measure global self-esteem take aim of participants in this study. Participants rate the items based on a four-point Likert scale, ranging from 3 = strongly agree to 0 = strongly disagree with higher scores indicate higher train of self-esteem. Items are all presented as self-evaluation on positive self-esteem (item 1, 3, 4, 7, 10) and negatively charged self-esteem (item 2, 5, 6, 8, 9). RSE has been found to have good test-retest correlations of .82 to .88 and internal consistency of .77 to .88 (Hudson, 2008), which indicate the test is having high dependability of measure self-esteem.Eating Attitude shield (EAT-26). The EAT 26-item is an abbreviated version developed by Garner, Olmstead, Bohr, and Garfinkel (1982) from the original scale which is EAT-4 0. EAT-26 is a most widely used idealized self-report questionnaire to measure the symptoms and concerns characteristics of eating disorders. Participants rate the items based on a six-point Likert scale (3 = always, 2 = usually, 1 = often, 0 = sometimes, 0 = rarely, 0 = never) with a cutoff scores of 20 had been suggested to identify persons with problematic attitudes and behaviors towards eating. Items are presented in three subscales 1) Dieting (item 1, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 26), 2) bulimia and food preoccupation (item 3, 4, 9, 18, 21, 25), and 3) Oral control (item 2, 5, 8, 13, 15, 19, 20). The EAT-26 has been shown to have a good intercorrelations with EAT-40 (r = .98) and good internal consistency (.90) in non-clinical populations (Garner et al., 1982).ReliabilityIn this study, the reliability of variables has been analyzed. The results of Cronbachs Alpha reliability test showed that all the scales are highly reliable of BSQ-16B (16 items = .94), RSE (10 items = .737), and EAT-26 (26 items = .791) (Appendix ).ProcedureBefore the commencement of questionnaire distribution, proper liaison was made by sending a formal letter to gain the permission from Centre for Foundation Studies (Perak Campus) to retrieve data on the population number of female Foundation students.After the permission was granted, the survey was conducted at suspend B, C, and D of UTAR Perak Campus which Foundation students are majority gathers. The questionnaires were distributed manually to the potential participants. A consent form was attached to the questionnaire and the nature of the study was explained clearly to participants. The participants will not able to take part in the survey if they did not give the consent to the student researchers. Furthermore, the total score of EAT-26 (Section D) had been counted on the mail service once the participant completed the questionnaire. Participants with a score of 20 or more or answered affirmatively to any of the behavioral questions had been suggested to seek evaluation from affable health professional.The questionnaires were collected from the participants with 100% response rate. Each questionnaire was checked to go steady there were balanced numbers of participants from both groups. The completed questionnaires were then after analyzed.Data AnalysisStatistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) magnetic variation 20.0 was used during the analysis of data. The demographic data was analyzed by utilise descriptive statistics to measure the slopped, standard deviation, and frequency of age and body surface group. The first research question was analyzed by mean and standard deviation on measuring the body image satisfaction level between thin and plump female Foundation students. Next, Independent savour t-Test was used to test the second research question to determine the mean difference of body image satisfaction and eating attitudes between thin and plump female. Furthermor e, the third and forth research question were tested by using Pearsons Coefficient of Correlation on accessing the relationship between body image satisfaction with self-esteem and eating attitudes respectively to examine whether there is any positive or negative significant relationship between these variables. The level of significant difference (p-value) was adopted at t-Test and ReferencesShaughnessy, J. J., Zechmeister, E. B., Zechmeister, J. S. (2010). Research methods in psychology (9th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill.McGaghie, W. C., Bordage, G., Crandall, S., Pangaro, L. (2001). Method Research design. Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 76(9), 929-930.Patton, M. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods Adobe Digital Editions version. Retrieved from http//legacy.oise.utoronto.ca/research/field-centres/ross/ctl1014/Patton1990.pdfTeddlie, C., Yu, F. (2007). merge method sampling A typology with examples. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1( 1), 77-100. Doi 10.1177/2345678906292430Serdar, K. L. (n.d.). female body image and the mass media Perspectives on how women internalize the ideal body standard. Retrieved from http//www.westminstercollege.edu/myriad/index.cfm?parent=2514detail=4475content=4795Furnham, A., Badmin, N., Sneade, I. (2002). Body image dissatisfaction Gender differences in eating attitudes, self-esteem, and reasons for exercise. The Journal of Psychology, 136(6), 581-596.Wimbish, T. R. (2009). Eating disorders, body-image dissatisfaction, and drive for muscularity in African American light and straight men (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3391518)Pook, M., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Brahler, E. (2008). Evaluation and comparison of divers(prenominal) versions of the Body Shape Questionnaire. Psychiatry Research, 158, 67-73. doi10.1016/j.psychres.2006.08.002Garner, D. M., Olmstead, M. P., Bohr, Y., Garfinkel, P. E. (1982). The Eating Attitudes Tes t psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychological Medicine, 12, 871-878.