History of Special Education Essay Example for Free

History of Special Education Essay The history of Special Education just as any history; is a long battle that has been fought by many who cared in order to bring us to where we are today. Its Journey has and will be never ending; since society is forever evolving. We will be fighting for equal rights in education and in life for many years to come since the definition of Special Education is not a precise one. In this paper you will learn the basics of what injustices we have risen above, to the current state we are in, and even what possibilities the future may hold for the Special Education Teacher and the system you will come to either love or despise. Written documentation of the treatment and education of people with Special needs dates back to the beginning of time; although most were killed before the 17th century and looked at as an abomination. It was not until the 17th Century that these children and adults were alive in institutions where people like Phillipe Pinel, â€Å"one of the founding fathers of modern psychiatry and distinguished teacher of internal medicine, began treatment of persons with mental illness using kindness, respect, and the expectation of appropriate behavior† (Curtis, 1993 as cited in GCU, (n.d. ), para. 10). Pinel set the stage for more courageous individuals to rise above the norm of society and treat people with Special needs as human beings; deserving of kindness and respects as others have been treated for years. Many more doctors, psychologists, and later teachers stood up to take the role as advocate for a person or group of people who were considered Special needs. It was not until the 1800’s when we as a society took notice to this lifetime of injustice that these people with Special needs had endured. In the 1820’s a teacher and later doctor; Samuel Gridley Howe taught a woman named Laura Bridgman, who was both deaf and blind, the alphabet in a Massachusetts school (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2012). It was not until these remarkable acts that people started to believe that those with special needs were not worthless and were capable of being taught the life skills society requires of us. Society took notice but by no means were individuals with Special needs considered equal and deserving of the same education as those of the Caucasian race in the United States at this time. Those with Special needs were still segregated in institutions and schools for people with the same needs; just as people were segregated by the color of their skin. It was not until 1954, and the help of the Supreme Court case Brown v. the Board of Education, Topeka, KS. That it became the responsibility of the United States Government and their Public Education System to teach every child even those with Special needs. This case made it so that NO CHILD could be discriminated against in the education system because of differences. In 1965, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was enacted to mandate the educational system and provide guidelines for the type of education students should receive; but loop holes were found and people were left out. It was in 1972, that ALL children in the United States were mandated to have a free, appropriate education; and yes it was because of more court cases! This new law’s services were still legally provided in separate classrooms, but at least those classrooms were now mandated to follow the same educational goals as the General Education classrooms were providing their students; just at the level deemed appropriate by the teacher (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2012). After that in 1973, the government passed the Rehabilitation Act, which was the first Civil Rights Educational reform which declared Segregation as an injustice in any case of race, creed, or difference besides age; and therefore illegal. Section 504 of this act requires the documentation and a description of any and all services needed for each student to receive an appropriate education (GCU, 2008). In 1975, Congress enacted the first piece of Legislation that fully described and labeled what was the United States Special Education System and what it consisted of. It was called the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (GCU, 2008). The Final piece of Legislation was the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. This act is the second piece of Civil Rights legislation in the history of the United States; it mandates that any physically or mentally handicapped person receive equal opportunity in public accommodations, employment, transportation, state and local government services, and telecommunications (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2012). The Education for All Handicapped Children Act legislation, although it has undergone many amendments’ is still used today. The newest amendment of the act is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA); the name was changed in 1990 and has under gone two re-authorizations since. This Law is there to balance other educational laws such as NCLB 2001 (the amendment to the ESEA for all students in the United States) and the two Civil Right Acts in order to ensure that any student with a disability receives a free and appropriate education. Since NCLB and IDEA provide federal funding to the state and public schools they are extremely detailed and regulated to insure that they are followed. These details’ include, but are not limited to; all disabled students must receive a free and appropriate education as any non disabled student in the in the least restive environment (LRE), nondiscriminatory identification (disability labeling), individualized education program (IEP), zero reject, due process safeguards, and parent and student rights rules and regulations (GCU, (n. d. ), para. 14). There are MANY things I would like to purpose as changes for the upcoming re-authorization of IDEA, but these are the most important ones! The first Thing I would do is have a specific set of criteria that would determine and define Special Education because there is not one definition of what our government considers Special Education. It needs to not be a blanket that can be interpreted in so many ways; this is why we have so many legal cases. Second if the government would like â€Å"Highly Qualified Teachers† then why is it that General Education teachers only have to take 2 classes about the Special Education System yet every classroom in the U. S. is guaranteed to have at least one student with an IEP! Heward cited that more than 6 million children and youth with disabilities, ages 3-21, received Special Education Services during the 2005-2006 school year and that number has only continued to increase in grades 1st -7th due to early detection (U. S. Department of Education, as cited in Heward, 2009, p. 10-11). Last, we consider Children with Behavior problems to be Special Education students, but they have to go through a huge system before we can get them help. Referral, FBA, BIP, BSP, IEP, and then they may be considered a Special Education Student. The law has it mandated that only a Behavior Specialist can do the evaluations; but by law they only require 1 Behavioral Specialist PER DISTRICT (Wheeler, J. , Richey, D. , 2010). It is up to the district to afford or higher more at their discursion. The problem is that running these evaluations and filling out this paper work are not the only responsibilities in their job descriptions. So half (if not more in some districts) of the cases referred are not being diagnosed each year because there are not enough people on the job and hours in a school day (Wheeler, J. , Richey, D. , 2010). The only way any teacher can truly help all of the students they teach; is by knowing the histories and laws of the Education System and the Special Education Services that are available to help them. These services and instructional methods are useful to any student who does not understand a topic at hand; not just the ones labeled Special Education. We need to not wait for a diagnosis to help our students; but start interventions immediately at the first sign of struggle. If the intervention does not help then refer the student for a Special Education Evaluation; but never wait for a child to completely fail in order to seek help. In this paper you learned the basics of what injustices we have raised above throughout history, the current state which we are in, and what possibilities the future may hold for the Special Education Teacher and the system you have come to either love or despise. The future is in your hands; so go out and change the world one student at a time. References Curtis, R. H. (1993). Great lives: medicine. New York: Maxwell Macmillan International. Encyclopedia Britannica. (2012). Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved on April 2, 2012, from www. britannica. com Grand Canyon University. (2008). Resource 2: Special Education Supplment. Retrieved on March 30, 2012, from Angel’s Canyon Connect, Additional Readings at www. my. gcu. edu Grand Canyon University. (n. d. ). SPE 526 Module 1 Readings. Retrieved on March 30, 2012, from Angel’s Canyon Connect, Module 1 Readings at www. my. gcu. edu Heward, William L. (2009). Exceptional Children: An Introduction to Special Education (9th ed. ). Columbus, OH: Published by Merrill. Wheeler, J. , Richey, D. (2010). Behavior Management: Principles and Practices of Positive Behavior Supports (2nd ed. ). Columbus, OH: Merrill.

Violence in Wuthering Heights :: Wuthering Heights Essays

Violence in Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights was written by Emile Brontà ©, one of the Brontà © sisters. The author finished this novel in 1847. After that, Emily died soon in 1848 at age thirty. In the nineteenth century Wuthering Heights becomes as classical novel. The readers who were read this novel were shocked by the Violence. In this paper, I will discuss the theme of the violence on Wuthering Heights. The novel takes place in England around 1760. the narrator, a gentleman named Lockwood. Lockwood rents a fine house and park called Thrush cross Grange in Yorkshire, and gradually learns more and more about the histories of two local families. This is what he learns from a housekeeper, Ellen Dean, who had been with one of the two families for all of her life. The story takes place in two main settings; Wuthering Heights and Thrush cross Grange, both situated on the harsh and desolate moors of Yorkshire. Emily Bronte actually grew up and lived in this place, and so her depiction of it is very accurate, and she uses her knowledge to emphasise the moods and attitudes of the characters. The people of these two houses differ from each other. The people from the Wuthering heights such as Heath cliff are generally angry, ill tempered, vengeful, and often immoral. These attitudes are clearly reflected through the large, cold and dark house, situated on top of a ruthless hill on the moors. Thrush cross Grange is a more cultivated, calm house, situated in a valley of the moors. Its inhabitants, including Edgar Linton, are generally more refined, with more morals and calmer attitudes than those of Wuthering Heights. Catherine Earnshaw, who is from Wuthering heights, is a character that creates the conflict throughout the whole book and between the t wo characters, Edgar and Heath cliff. To clarify more that Catherine is torn between her love for Heathcliff and her desire to be a gentlewoman, and her decision to marry the gentle Edgar Linton drags almost all of the novel's characters into conflict with Heathcliff To begin with, one of the main characters in Wuthering Heights is the devilish Heath cliff. An orphan despised since his birth. Heath cliff grows up to become a sadistic, cruel, vengeful and immoral man .He is often referred to as â€Å"like the devil† or as â€Å"evil†, and this is certainly the way he acts.

Dell Culture

Dell is also one of the in the market setting the tone for horizontal structure communication. It has adopted Hofstede’s low power distance dimension. In the Retention, Acquisition, and Development account, communication involves much horizontal communication with lean hierarchy. The organization has been able to run much like an entrepreneur startup even though it has reached gargantuan size. The lean hierarchy is one of Dell’s key success factors because it creates more efficiency in the workplace. Further, Dell takes specific actions to maintain control and monitoring of employees.The first step that Dell uses for micromanagement of employees is through senior advisory groups. These groups of highly educated employees in the field with a long track record of experience give certain employees monthly conference calls to check up on high-level issues that affect Dell worldwide. Second, Dell performs quarterly financial reviews to monitor how employees are spending thei r time and thus to ensure that these workers are using efficient use of time in order to accomplish the priorities for the company.For example, the sales team needs to maximize time spent with customers, as customer service is Dell’s differentiation. Lower priority tasks such as checking email are expected to be accomplished during off hours as opposed to prime meeting time. Next, Dell gives client report cards measuring criteria such as clear and concise direction. Through this method, Dell coaches its workforce and provides coaching feedback on how to improve. Finally, Dell enforces training of employees as the last important step to maintain control.All employees are required to attend Dell University in order to understand their product completely. Employees who do not understand their products will cause the corporation to lose credibility. Thus, Dell invests a lot of money in education of employees in order to maintain its competitive edge in the marketplace as a whole and more specifically, to continue gaining market share from its major competitor in China, Lenovo Computers. The managements not only must maintain control but also help to establish communication between Dell headquarters and their specific departments.In order for local agencies to maintain communication with the home offices, managers delegate much of this role to the employee communications department. This department is responsible for facilitating exchange of communication between headquarters and the separate agencies worldwide. Communication is a crucial issue, which Dell aims to maintain and continually improve with the advent of new technology. The Internet revolution has made control between the home office to the separate branches far more manageable in recent years.All of the specific agencies are required to communicate via one common extranet. Agencies are all involved in the activity of Dell and its vision. Agencies can voice their opinions on any plan in progress t hrough this extranet. Further, Dell pushes communication through email. Phone calls are less common as they have little time flexibility and raise costs tremendously, especially if across countries. In a market where Dell prides itself on cost leadership, telephone usage is simply not nearly as effective as Email.

Essay on The Pornography Debate - 809 Words

The Pornography Debate Pornography has been the topic of discussion in the court systems for years. Many would like to see legislation against it and software to filter it. The problem is its not that easy and making laws against it would pose a problem against the first amendment. There have many issues brought up on the grounds that it is demoralizing to women and is filth for the eyes of children. But, is pornography really that harmful? There are many reasons why the government is having trouble putting restrictions on pornography. As Cynthia Stark states in Social Theory and Practice, just because some find certain materials offensive is not a sufficient reason for restricting those materials. There has to be proper grounds†¦show more content†¦We also need to determine was is appropriate for children and why is it so dirty for the viewing of children that we need to use software to block it. The internet is free to roam by anyone and its not hard to stumble across websites that use mask web addresses to lure people into them. So how can we block these websites that are explicit for our kids to view? These pornographic sites are free to show whatever they want due to the free speech clause, so isnt the CIPA going against that? Another act that is in progress right now that the House of Representatives have recently reinstated is an act that outlaws virtual child pornography. This act would ban any computer images that were real child pornography and not digitally created images. The problem with this act as Texas Republican Lamar Smith says is that prosecutors would find it impossible to prove if the digital picture or movie was an actual photograph or a digitally made image on a scanner or computer. There is no way to tell and so the court system is just adding more problems to their list because it is such a touchy subject when regarding the Constitution. On the other hand, a lot of people think pornography is demoralizing to women, is filth and should be restricted from public display. There have been instances were women are sexually assaulted, beaten, abused and harassed on camera. There are also records of children that have been raped andShow MoreRelatedThe Debate On Virtual Child Pornography734 Words   |  3 PagesLindsay Hall Thinking and Doing Ethics Professor Wisniewski November December 8, 2015 Word count 849 Case 1(Ruggiero 173). We have the debate and Supreme Court ruling in 2002 that stated the ban on ‘virtual child pornography’ was unconstitutional, and in turn, The Federal Child Pornography Prevention Act was overturned. 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