Pharmacology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Pharmacology - Essay Example reaches the targeted site, while the remaining fraction of the drug interacts with other sites, with consequences of inefficient drug delivery and undesirable side effects. Insufficient aqueous solubility and protein binding characteristics of that inhibit crossing blood brain barriers are two examples of the manner in which the relevance of some drugs in clinical therapeutics gets limited. It is against this background that pro-drugs and their utility in overcoming the limitations of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics profiles has become a significant subject of study in pharmacology (Shek, 1994). A look at the history of pro-drugs shows that understanding of pro-drugs and their pharmaco-kinetics in the human body came more as a result of after the introduction of the drugs for therapeutic purposes. The introduction of phenacetin as a therapeutic agent dates back to 1887, but it took till 1949 for the realization that paracetamol was the active metabolite of phenacetin, which resulted in the gradual erosion of phenacetin as a therapeutic agent to be replaced by paracetamol, demonstrating that many of the pro-drugs result from metabolism in the human body. (Pleuvry, 2006). This understanding of the possibility of enzymatic action to create active therapeutic agents has now become the basis of overcoming the problems of potential drug candidates demonstrating poor therapeutic effects, because of poor bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles. Kratz et al, 2008, define pro-drugs as â€Å"derivatives of a drug that are metabolized or activated in the body to release or generate the active drug – if possible at the site of action†. Thus pro-drugs are chemically modified versions of the pharmaceutical agent that needs to undergo a transformation in vivo for the release of the active drug. This feature of pro-drugs is employed to enhance the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of pharmacologically potent compounds. In a majority of the cases

You Shall Know Our Velocity by Dave Eggers Essay Example for Free

You Shall Know Our Velocity by Dave Eggers Essay Every person undergoes difficulty in life. Experiences in life may cause troubles in our way of thinking and sometimes even affects our principles. In the novel, â€Å"You Shall Know Our Velocity† by Dave Eggers, the character of Will Chmlielewski experienced difficulty in the form of losing his friend (Jack) and being beaten. He intended to help Jack with the large amount of money that he got but no avail. It was hard not to be able to do something to avoid the death of a friend especially when you are very much willing to do anything in your power to shun it. Nobody couldn’t blame Will for feeling lost and hurt. Because of his hurt and disappointment, he felt that the money in his hands was a burden that he had to get rid of it as quick as he possible. Will together with his other friend Hand went to different countries to give away the money supposedly intended to save their friend Jack. They thought that when they give away the money to people who need it, they will somehow help in restoring hope to people’s perception. The two realized along the way that it is not easy to give away just like that. People have to earn their blessings or the help that they receive. Both the giver and the receiver should exert effort in achieving humanity. If people like Will and Hand will just give away money without any particular reason or purpose, there is a very huge possibility that others may take advantage of them or worse, even rob them. In real life, it feels good to be able to help without anything in return. However, even with the purest intentions, one should always be on the look out against abusive people. The effort of generosity and humanity might be put to waste if people who need it don’t receive it because of the people who take advantage of it. There is no doubt that everybody needs help in one way or another. Not all help are material in nature; some need emotional help. So what should be done to make sure that the one that you’re helping deserves your care? The simple answer is – let him earn it. Earning it has different ways. May it be proving that he is trustworthy or showing his sincerity. The novel is a fiction. Nevertheless, the gestures of Will and Hand in the novel would bring relief to a lot of people if they were true. Some may find their deeds crazy, but it’s touching. They didn’t contain themselves in rendering help only in their town. They rather took time to travel around the world to spread it. The amount of money that they were giving away isn’t an issue. What’s important is the message that they trying to convey by their actions. No matter how desperate and hopeless you are, your unpleasant experiences shouldn’t be a hindrance in the distribution of happiness, hope and love. One’s own frustrations, desperations and sorrows may become a tool in getting over the same things. It’s just a matter of seeing the light side of it. When you know that it is difficult to be unhappy, share happiness. Eventually, you yourself will feel grace. People have different ways in comforting themselves and getting out of a difficult situation. Some people act crazy, some stay inside their rooms and mourns until they dry their tears from crying and some focus their attention to something that will keep them busy. Will and Hand chose to be crazy but humane. Their means may look crazy but their intention is good. They give relief to people’s misery and needs which in turn give them satisfaction and medium to get rid of their sorrow. The meaning of the novel is very deep. The characters and gestures of Will and Hand may seem comical satires but a close look at their temperaments shows good heart. Their adventures different cultures and how they managed to get along with them even with their ignorance. Ultimately, the author wants to show that even in a modern time like ours, humanity is still alive.

Effects of Melatonin Treatment :: Biology Essays Research Papers

http://www.ceri.com/melaton.htmEffects of Melatonin Treatment In order to discuss Melatonin as a drug and its effects on behavior we need to define Melatonin and what role it plays in relation to brain and behavior. Melatonin is a hormone that is secreted into the bloodstream by the pineal gland. The pineal gland is a small, pea sized structure near the center of the brain. Signals from the eyes regulate the secretion of Melatonin. A person's internal clock, will fluctuate between a 23-25 hour a day cycle. Therefore, our Melatonin levels decrease and increase with the rising and setting of the sun, which aid to putting an individual on a 24 hour awake/sleep cycle.(1) The actual effects of taking Melatonin orally have been disputed for quite some time. Some facts that I had picked up were that Melatonin levels decrease with age. This decline can account for the difficulty many elderly people have with falling asleep. As the pineal gland breaks down, less and less Melatonin is being released, therefore making it more difficult to regulate the internal clock. There is still a lot of information about Melatonin that remains unknown. There is much controversy as to what the drug actually can, and does, do. Many people claim that it is capable of extending a person's life, "curing" insomnia, working as an anti-oxidant, changing a person's mood, de-stressing people, improving one's sexual life, and curing certain types of depression, but many believe otherwise. (2) I am not thoroughly convinced either way because of the contrasting opinions. I decided to make my own observations and come to my own conclusions by conducting a little experiment of my own. I am going to focus on just the effects of whether or not Melatonin will aid people in getting sleep. Observation has always been a simple way for me to derive whether or not something actually works. But in light of our class discussion, I do not know if that is the most appropriate way to look at things. We have discussed that some behavior is internal and we do not see that on the exterior of the body. But for all intents and purposes, my observations for the effectiveness of Melatonin were external ones. My internal clock is really messed up. I usually sleep until 9:30 in the morning, but never head off to bed before 3 or 3:30. So Melatonin looked like a very appealing idea to procure a little more sleep.

Medicine in Ancient Egypt as seen by the Archaeological Evidence of Pap

The Ancient Egyptian civilization’s development centered around the luxurious, green and fertile Nile river. Astonishingly, they accurately predicted Nile floods to produce surplus crops and allow the growth of society and culture. In the North of Africa, Egyptians flourished until 525 BC. The lands were ruled by powerful pharaohs who provided dominance and control to their people. The Egyptians every day lives centered around an elaborate system of religious and spiritual beliefs. In tribute to their religious beliefs, pharaohs and gods, the Egyptians built breath taking monuments that often included decoration and hieroglyphs that were symbolizations of their spirituality. The amazing architecture and the mystery to how they built these gigantic structures is one of the most intriguing issues of the ancient world. However, the aspect of society and culture also inspire individuals to ask questions about how the Ancient Egyptians went about their everyday lives, and how the y managed to develop such a civilized way of living. The illustrations that adorned tombs, and monuments all around Egypt added insight into the lives of the Ancients. Along with the development of writing, the depiction of effective use in medicine became evident. â€Å"Medicine was one of the oldest professions in the Nile valley.†(White 1970) Their medical practices were highly advanced for their time and included several doctors and medical practioners. Medical care was provided by workers who laid claim to specific title such as a specailist in animal bites. Or patients would resort to traditional cures handed down throughout generations.(Donadoni 1990) Doctoral specialization was apparently related to the fields of expertise and included surgeons, general pr... ...nderstanding of human anatomy. The Kahun Gynaecological papyrus was the first to acknowledge the female anatomy almost solely. Ancients were able to detect pregnancy, as well as how to prevent pregnancy. The Kahun papyrus also included a short section on veterinary medicine which shows their level of understanding of animals anatomy as well. The Hearst papyrus is composed of several general medical problems and how to treat them. Finally, the Berlin papyrus is made up of several sections including : general treatments and diagnoses, gynaecological prescriptions, and a large portion dedicated to spells and magic. Overall, as shown by the five papyri the Ancient Egyptians had an extremely civilized manner of diagnosing and treating common aliments of their time. Their incredible knowledge not only human but animal anatomy allowed them to successfully treat patients. Medicine in Ancient Egypt as seen by the Archaeological Evidence of Pap The Ancient Egyptian civilization’s development centered around the luxurious, green and fertile Nile river. Astonishingly, they accurately predicted Nile floods to produce surplus crops and allow the growth of society and culture. In the North of Africa, Egyptians flourished until 525 BC. The lands were ruled by powerful pharaohs who provided dominance and control to their people. The Egyptians every day lives centered around an elaborate system of religious and spiritual beliefs. In tribute to their religious beliefs, pharaohs and gods, the Egyptians built breath taking monuments that often included decoration and hieroglyphs that were symbolizations of their spirituality. The amazing architecture and the mystery to how they built these gigantic structures is one of the most intriguing issues of the ancient world. However, the aspect of society and culture also inspire individuals to ask questions about how the Ancient Egyptians went about their everyday lives, and how the y managed to develop such a civilized way of living. The illustrations that adorned tombs, and monuments all around Egypt added insight into the lives of the Ancients. Along with the development of writing, the depiction of effective use in medicine became evident. â€Å"Medicine was one of the oldest professions in the Nile valley.†(White 1970) Their medical practices were highly advanced for their time and included several doctors and medical practioners. Medical care was provided by workers who laid claim to specific title such as a specailist in animal bites. Or patients would resort to traditional cures handed down throughout generations.(Donadoni 1990) Doctoral specialization was apparently related to the fields of expertise and included surgeons, general pr... ...nderstanding of human anatomy. The Kahun Gynaecological papyrus was the first to acknowledge the female anatomy almost solely. Ancients were able to detect pregnancy, as well as how to prevent pregnancy. The Kahun papyrus also included a short section on veterinary medicine which shows their level of understanding of animals anatomy as well. The Hearst papyrus is composed of several general medical problems and how to treat them. Finally, the Berlin papyrus is made up of several sections including : general treatments and diagnoses, gynaecological prescriptions, and a large portion dedicated to spells and magic. Overall, as shown by the five papyri the Ancient Egyptians had an extremely civilized manner of diagnosing and treating common aliments of their time. Their incredible knowledge not only human but animal anatomy allowed them to successfully treat patients. Medicine in Ancient Egypt as seen by the Archaeological Evidence of Pap The Ancient Egyptian civilization’s development centered around the luxurious, green and fertile Nile river. Astonishingly, they accurately predicted Nile floods to produce surplus crops and allow the growth of society and culture. In the North of Africa, Egyptians flourished until 525 BC. The lands were ruled by powerful pharaohs who provided dominance and control to their people. The Egyptians every day lives centered around an elaborate system of religious and spiritual beliefs. In tribute to their religious beliefs, pharaohs and gods, the Egyptians built breath taking monuments that often included decoration and hieroglyphs that were symbolizations of their spirituality. The amazing architecture and the mystery to how they built these gigantic structures is one of the most intriguing issues of the ancient world. However, the aspect of society and culture also inspire individuals to ask questions about how the Ancient Egyptians went about their everyday lives, and how the y managed to develop such a civilized way of living. The illustrations that adorned tombs, and monuments all around Egypt added insight into the lives of the Ancients. Along with the development of writing, the depiction of effective use in medicine became evident. â€Å"Medicine was one of the oldest professions in the Nile valley.†(White 1970) Their medical practices were highly advanced for their time and included several doctors and medical practioners. Medical care was provided by workers who laid claim to specific title such as a specailist in animal bites. Or patients would resort to traditional cures handed down throughout generations.(Donadoni 1990) Doctoral specialization was apparently related to the fields of expertise and included surgeons, general pr... ...nderstanding of human anatomy. The Kahun Gynaecological papyrus was the first to acknowledge the female anatomy almost solely. Ancients were able to detect pregnancy, as well as how to prevent pregnancy. The Kahun papyrus also included a short section on veterinary medicine which shows their level of understanding of animals anatomy as well. The Hearst papyrus is composed of several general medical problems and how to treat them. Finally, the Berlin papyrus is made up of several sections including : general treatments and diagnoses, gynaecological prescriptions, and a large portion dedicated to spells and magic. Overall, as shown by the five papyri the Ancient Egyptians had an extremely civilized manner of diagnosing and treating common aliments of their time. Their incredible knowledge not only human but animal anatomy allowed them to successfully treat patients.

Ethics of Belief – Clifford

Clifford focuses on three main points throughout the Ethics of Belief article. He believes that in order to have a sense of belief one must inquire on the belief, question authority, and the limit the usage of inference. He believes that without these three factors it is difficult to come to a consensus on what are the right and wrong principles of belief. At the beginning of the article Clifford focuses on the duty of inquiry. In order to set the background, Clifford introduces a story about a man who sent a ship out into the sea knowing it was not seaworthy.The ships condition inevitably led to its sinking, and the death of the people aboard. Now, Clifford claims that the man is guilty of the death of these people because, â€Å"†¦ he had no right to believe such evidence was before him†(pg 236). This is true for a number of reasons. Paraphrasing what Clifford mentioned, mans belief is never a private matter, and every insignificant moment counts. Clifford states, †Å"†¦it is not the belief which is judged to be wrong, but the action following upon it†(pg 237).If the man had taken use of his time and taken the extra initiative to double check if the ship was in sea-worthy condition, he could have not been in a guilty position. Skipping this action effected lives of many. Clifford's argues that when one has a belief it does not matter whether the belief is true or false, but rather if it is followed through upon fair grounds. When speaking of the duty of inquiry, it is very important to inquire on the belief and obtain evidence as to create a fair inquiry.Second the weight of authority plays a role in the ethic of belief. One argument throughout the article is supporting the reason why should we believe something that goes beyond our own experience or even beyond the understanding of mankind. People tend to believe men with power and authority, but there may not be a justifiable reason to believe that they are not deluded themselves. Unless a belief created by authority is within their area of knowledge, how can we be justified in believing them.This question has helped people ask more questions, to examine, and to investigate beliefs and to determine what a belief should be based on before it should be believed to be true. The last point he made was on the limits of inference. The basis of this argument is that it is wrong to believe without sufficient evidence and that ultimately no evidence can be justified if it is beyond our knowledge and the uniformity of nature. I believe there is no flaw in Clifford's article.He believes that in order to have a valid belief it must have the principles of inquiry, limitations on authority, and the need for more evidence. Without inquiring more into the evidence, it can lead to false belief which can only cause trouble. I agree with Clifford's view of gaining knowledge through inquiry, examining and investigating the perspective of authority because there is no reason to b elieve that they themselves are in a position to know right from wrong, that their authority and command on belief is one to be trusted.Lastly I agree with his ideas on the limits of inference. A belief may be something that is beyond our experience and we might never understand this experience unless we have experienced it. Anyone can infer, but without evidence they can't justify a belief especially if it outside what is known to them. Every moment in life is precious it is very important that we take advantage of each moment. Clifford's views resonate with me because he cherishes the power of knowledge. It is crucial to constantly question, examine and investigate all beliefs and assumptions.Another important idea to note is that just because someone has a belief doesn't mean it has any grounds of truth. No amount of authority is grounds to believe any idea. Lastly it is important to always find evidence to support beliefs and never make unjustifiable assumptions as seen in that ship example. Belief gives humans a sense of power and allows them to gain a better understanding of life. Though it is important to recognize that this power can also easily be abused if not properly analyzed.

The Down Fall of the Russian Revolution

The Down Fall of the Russian Revolution Introduction Analysts observe that the Russian Revolution could not realize its objectives mainly because of the divergent views from Bolsheviks. Scholars holding the views of Lenin believe that the revolution could not bring about reforms because its leader, Trotsky, never aimed at realizing the needs of the poor.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Down Fall of the Russian Revolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The powerful individuals, whose aim was to fulfil the interests of the owners of the means production, controlled the revolution. In this regard, Leninist scholars disagreed with the view that the revolution was aimed at helping the poor in society. Leaders exploited the poor to convince the world that they advocated for their, but in the real sense, their aim was completely different. Such scholars observe that the revolution could not have realized its intended objectives mainly because of the civil w ar, foreign intervention, financial disintegration, isolation, and backwardness of the Russian society. Such scholars are of the view that Bolshevik ideology was not to blame for the ineffectiveness of the revolution. The Authoritarian regime under the Bolshevik was forced to act because of the difficult conditions. Some analysts, particular those allied to anarchist ideology, believe that Bolshevik ideology contributed significantly to the failure of the revolution in Russia. The Bolshevik ideology contributed immensely to the failure of the revolution since it established social structures, socialist institutions and centralizing the economic, which made it difficult for the working class to achieve their economic interests. Centralization of state resources and lack of a clear system of checks and balances disempowered the proletariat since the objectives that were being sought were beyond their reach. Fitzpatrick noted that the good life entailed a situation in which the state a ssumed the patriarchal or patron client responsibilities. Thesis Statement This article uses a number of resources, including memoirs to support the hypothesis that the Russian revolution did not achieve its objectives. The reasons why the Russian revolution could not realize its objectives are discuses adequately in this paper. The article underscores the fact that actions of the revolutionist not allow them to take over state power in 1918 in Russia. In other words, the vanguards of 1917 could not be allowed to takeover governmental powers in 1918, since their status was below par. In nay production mode, owners of the means of production will always occupy the top position while others will be distributed in various classes.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Major Shifts in Communist Policy between 1917 and 1932 After the revolution, the Communist Party readjusted its objecti ves to reflect the aims of the ruling class meaning that the policies agreed upon before the revolution were abandoned. Historians observe that 1920s demonstrated a great change in policy owing to changes in geopolitical climate, culture, and the global economy. The government restructured its policy following the Civil War and Cultural Revolution. Economic development of the country was mainly affected since the government introduced a new economic policy. Cultural Revolution started in 1917 and ended in 1932 whereby a new culture was developed in the country. The culture was new meaning that its social institutions, functions, and structure were different from those of the previous culture. The Civil War was witnessed between 1917 and 1921 (Kolkhozniks 130). History shows that the civil war affected the Russian culture in a number of ways, which forced the government to amend its economic and socio-political policies. Since the changes were abrupt, the cultural infrastructure coll apsed meaning that the policies agreed before the revolution could not be implemented. The emergence of the intelligentsia was the major hindrance to the achievement of revolutionary goals. New economic policy program was introduced in 1921, which was expected to serve the country until 1928. These policies revitalized the country’s culture and economic life, which affected the objectives of the working class. Why the Revolution Failed The Civil War Kotkin argued that the revolution would not succeed because of the civil war that was sponsored by the Bolshevik regime. The reality of the matter is that these features of communism were present even before the revolution. This implies that the civil war could not be attributed to the failure of the revolution. The Bolshevik policies demanded that only a single individual be entrusted with the role of managing resources, which implied that only the central government would be in charge of the management of the economic matters. I n this regard, it was true that there was no correlation between peace and the ideology of the Bolshevik. However, the victories of Kolchak and Denikin contributed to the augmentation and militarization of labour in the country. This shows that, even though the civil war contributed to the failure of the revolution, other factors must have also contributed in the failure of the revolution. The civil war dampened the spirit of various working classes because it revealed the true nature of the Bolshevik regime. The social conflict proved to the poor that the regime did not have their interest at heart, but instead it existed to serve the interests of the rich. The major policy of the Bolsheviks was to distribute resources equally in society since they advocated for socialism, the sovereignty of the state, and the strengthening of the communist party. After the Civil War, Stites (103) observed that the Bolshevik regime was determined to implement even stricter policies instead of lesse ning the previous ones.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Down Fall of the Russian Revolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This meant that the commissars from the Red Army were given luxurious jobs in various state-owned industries in 1920. This was a blow to the working class since owners of the means of production and military elites were rewarded while they languished in great poverty. Even though the military generals opposed the revolution, they were rewarded heavily since they were allocated luxurious positions in government. The manner in which military generals and the ruling class were allocated government properties in 1920 differed from the way in which the exercise was conducted in 1919. In 1920, the communist party was determined to implement its policies, irrespective of whether the interests of the poor were considered. Influence of the Ruling Class After Lenin’s death, the policies agree d upon in October were abandoned one after the other. However, some analysts and scholars believe that these policies were abandoned even when Lenin was still alive. The idea of commitment to one party system, dictatorial management, control of opposition parties, media expurgation, repressive policies, and prevention of trade unions were all exercised when Lenin was still alive. Steinberg gave a clear definition of why the revolution could not achieve its objectives. He commented that a production system does not become socialist in nature simply because a socialist premier or president is in office. To such scholars, the character or the personality of an individual does not affect the production system in any way. In the same way, Russia’s production system could not change from capitalism to socialism just because Lenin was in power. Marxist scholars could argue that a revolution would take place when state power is transferred the other social class. On the other hand, a narchist would recommend that a revolution would occur when state power is transferred from the owners of the means of production to the proletariat or the working class. Incidentally, a communist government would be formed through societal relations, but not the views of those in positions of influence. The working class in Russia could not have achieved their objectives because social relations during Stalin’s regime were similar to those during Lenin’s administration. Although the administration under Stalin was vicious, abusive, and tyrannical, the new regime under Lenin, which was receptive to the needs of many, could not change the manufacturing structure. Fitzpatrick (89) uses the word deludes to define the Bolshevik revolution meaning that the ruling class hijacked the revolt to make sure that it served their interest. It employed various techniques to dismantle the socialist structures, which were perceived as a threat to their interests.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Marx had earlier observed, the state is always the property of the ruling class since they use it to accomplish their interests. The ruling class ensured that, intellectuals, who considered merit in their appointments, ran the government under Lenin. Any socialist regime could always ensure that workers are major producers meaning that there would be no exploitation. The ruling class ensured that they destroyed the functioning of the socialist system. Interests of the Bolsheviks Steinberg (33) suggested that the Bolshevik went against the interests of the majority to protect their party, which was under threat. Other socialist parties were threatening to oust the Bolsheviks hence they had to form a strong militia that would counter the influence of other small parties. Such militias could not serve the interests of the people, but instead it could serve the wishes of those who formed them. If Bolsheviks did not apply other alternatives, their power could not have lasted for long. Some scholars suggest that a White dictatorship could have replaced the Red one meaning that the cruelty of the Bolshevik was a sign of self-interest. The Bolshevik regime used the power of the working class to ascend to power in order to fulfil its own interests, but not those of the poor. However, the working class or the poor supported the Bolshevik regime because it favoured the poor whenever there was a crisis. It treated the poor well since it not design and implement oppressive and discriminative policies, as was the case with the Stalin regime. Conclusion It is concluded that the revolution in Russia did not achieve its objectives because workers were never incorporated into the production system afterwards. Economic and political power was still in the hands of the ruling class, but only leadership changed. This implies that the production system, which was actually the main reason why workers participated in the revolution, never changed at all. Workers were still oppress ed, perpetuated, and were dominated in society while the owners of the means of production enjoyed their lives comfortably. As already mentioned, the change of leadership does not mean the change of social relations. Fitzpatrick, Sheila. In the Shadow of Revolution: Life Stories of Russian Women from 1917 to the Second World War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2000. Print. Fitzpatrick, Sheila. Stalins Peasants: Resistance and Survival in the Russian Village after Collectivization. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Print. Kotkin, Stephen. Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilization. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. Print. Steinberg, Mark D. Proletarian Imagination: Self, Modernity, and the Sacred in Russia, 1910-1925. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 2002. Print. Stites, Richard. Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Print.

Free Essays on The Transformation Of The Literary Vampire

Stories of vampires go back earlier than Abraham Stoker, before the existence of Vlad the Impaler, and even before the origin of the Hungarian word â€Å"vampir† from which we get the current word â€Å"vampire†. Stories of the undead date back to the times of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, and were called â€Å"lamiae†. Since these times, many authors like Suzy McKee Charnas, Stephen King, Anthony Masters, Edgar Allan Poe, Anne Rice, Gabriel Ronay, and the most famous, Abraham Stoker, have all written books, plays, poems, and even movies that include vampires as characters. While the tales of the vampire seem to contain the same essential material, the vampires themselves have gone through major transformations. In the beginning, we met Dracula described to us as a monstrous creature given no voice, no opinion, and no real part except for being the monster. However, by the time we reach Interview with the Vampire, the vampire not only has a voice and a pa rt, but he narrates the story. And it is not just any story, but rather a story of passion, pain, love, rage, loneliness, and terror, everything that suggests he not only has feelings, but possibly a soul as well, whatever that might be. He is even a vampire we, the reader, can actually relate to. The vampire as we once knew it has changed to what we have now come to adore. As the years have progressed, the vampire has had the ability to take on a much more humanistic side. Rather than seeing the vampire as the monster he/she once was, we now look at the vampire with a type of yearning. The transference of good and evil went from being so distinct, to blurred, to completely off mark and twisted. It is now possible for the vampire to be the protagonist and those trying to kill him/her the antagonist. Dare to say that the vampire actually became someone we could know: the person next door or the brilliant, broody, remarkably beautiful, offbeat professor; and the person trying. .. Free Essays on The Transformation Of The Literary Vampire Free Essays on The Transformation Of The Literary Vampire Stories of vampires go back earlier than Abraham Stoker, before the existence of Vlad the Impaler, and even before the origin of the Hungarian word â€Å"vampir† from which we get the current word â€Å"vampire†. Stories of the undead date back to the times of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, and were called â€Å"lamiae†. Since these times, many authors like Suzy McKee Charnas, Stephen King, Anthony Masters, Edgar Allan Poe, Anne Rice, Gabriel Ronay, and the most famous, Abraham Stoker, have all written books, plays, poems, and even movies that include vampires as characters. While the tales of the vampire seem to contain the same essential material, the vampires themselves have gone through major transformations. In the beginning, we met Dracula described to us as a monstrous creature given no voice, no opinion, and no real part except for being the monster. However, by the time we reach Interview with the Vampire, the vampire not only has a voice and a pa rt, but he narrates the story. And it is not just any story, but rather a story of passion, pain, love, rage, loneliness, and terror, everything that suggests he not only has feelings, but possibly a soul as well, whatever that might be. He is even a vampire we, the reader, can actually relate to. The vampire as we once knew it has changed to what we have now come to adore. As the years have progressed, the vampire has had the ability to take on a much more humanistic side. Rather than seeing the vampire as the monster he/she once was, we now look at the vampire with a type of yearning. The transference of good and evil went from being so distinct, to blurred, to completely off mark and twisted. It is now possible for the vampire to be the protagonist and those trying to kill him/her the antagonist. Dare to say that the vampire actually became someone we could know: the person next door or the brilliant, broody, remarkably beautiful, offbeat professor; and the person trying. ..

6 signs your job is ruining your mental health

6 signs your job is ruining your mental health First and foremost, most of us go to work to make money. Ideally, on top of that, you like what you do. On top of that, there may even be social benefits to going to work every day if you also enjoy being around your co-workers. If your job checks all of those boxes, great! If it even checks just one, you might be doing all right. But if you can’t think of  one positive  thing about your current situation, you might need to make changes. Work should not be a place that makes you feel terrible- all the time. Yet this is what happens to many people who must endure toxic work situations that are damaging them mentally. If this is happening to you, it is time to find a new job or make strides toward a new situation. Here are six warning signs that it’s time to make a change. 1. You can’t bring yourself to go to workWhen you wake up in the morning, do you feel as though your limbs weigh 1,000 pounds and you simply cannot pull them out of bed? Does the idea of step ping foot in your office fill you with crushing anxiety, EVERY single day? Do you take days off simply because you can’t bring yourself to go into work? These are all great, big, flashing warning signals that something is terribly wrong at work, and it’s wreaking havoc with your mental health. Sure, for most people it’s not common to bound out of bed with a huge smile on your face ready to take on the day (how lucky if that’s the case!), but if work dread plagues you every morning, that’s not the norm.2. You can never really leave workIf you have no chance to get out of a non-work mindset, you’re not living a balanced life. When you’re home with family or friends, do you still have your phone connected to work email and attached to your palm so you can deal with clients or co-workers? Are you always on call? Do you not even get to take a break when you’re in the office to go for a 15-minute walk to get some lunch or a breath of fresh air? If so, that is not a healthy way to live your life, and you probably need to make some radical changes. Everyone deserves time off, no matter what you do for a living.3. You don’t want to socialize at workFrom Monday through Friday, the average adult spends half of his or her waking life at work, so it is vital to get along with the people you spend time around all week, even just on a cordial level. But if things are bad at work, the idea of talking to or even looking at your co-workers may make you feel sick to your stomach. That is not a good thing, and a very clear indicator that your job is making you deeply unhappy.4. You’re overlooked and ignoredSome people prefer to go under the radar at work, but there is a real downside to always being overlooked or ignored: you don’t get the accolades for a job well done that you deserve, and you might even get passed over when it comes time to receive raises or promotions. Chronically overlooked employees may start to feel like they don’t even exist, which can put them into an extremely unhealthy frame of mind. No one wants to feel as if they don’t matter.5. Your job fills you with guiltSometimes we don’t think about the consequences of a particular job when first accepting it†¦ we just need to work, whatever that may be.  But if you are working for a company that commits the unconscionable- environmental damage; human rights violations; misogynistic, homophobic, or racist practices; selling unsafe products; treating workers like sub-humans; supporting immoral or unethical ideologies; lying to the public- simply going to work may fill you with an awful sense of guilt. If that’s the case, it may be time to find another opportunity. We all need to pay the bills, but you’ll want to remain true to your morals if what your company does is negatively affecting your state of mind. If you can’t look yourself in the mirror, your mental health will suffer.6. Your personal life is sufferingA miserable job may make you feel miserable during work hours. A completely unacceptable one will leak into your personal hours. You might get testy with your spouse or kids at home. You might never be in the mood for intimacy. You might spend all your free time sleeping, crying, sulking, or simply thinking about work. If you feel terrible at all times because of your job, there is no question that your job is ruining your mental health and you need to take some positive action.

English Composition II Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English Composition II Assignment - Essay Example 2. Adler explains that there are three definitions when it comes to describing a person who owns a book. These persons are described as: The first has all the standard sets and bestsellers -- unread, untouched. (This deluded individual owns woodpulp and ink, not books. ) The second has a great many books, a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many -- every one of them dog eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.) (â€Å"Active Reading Assignments† 82) I would like to consider myself an avid reader in this case because I find myself in agreement with Adler regarding his definition of book owners. I would consider my book owning rights to fall under the third type, that of the dog eared and dilapidated book reader because my collection of books stems all the way from my childhood. The books obvioisly changing color within their pages and little â€Å"ex libris† notes and the like scribbled around it in my hand writing. Normally my notes refers to little things that I want to remember from the book I am reading such as words of wisdom and the like. So yes, I would have to agree with Adler in this case. A true book owner is one who can glean knowledge from the pages he reads and then makes an effort to remember this words or pages in one way or another for future reference. 3. It is my belief that the literacy event that Douglass refers to in his essay is that of his mistress opening his mind to the wonders of reading by teaching him the alphabet. This act of help on the part of his once fair and just mistress allowed him the opportunity to become a literate slave even though she did her best to confine the growth of his mind and his con sciousness about the state of his life within a controllable parameter. 4. The revelation that Douglass has within the essay is that his lot in life was something that was not if his own choosing but rather a situation that was thrust upon him because of the way that his people were stolen from Africa and forced into servitude as slaves to the White Man. It made his hate the White Man for the way they were being treated and made Douglass yearn for a life of freedom and equality with the White Man. His thoughts turned to the abolition of slavery and the what if's in life that he could experience from such a move. 5. Reading Adler's essay helped me better understand that Douglass was not a pretend book owner but rather a true book owner who had â€Å"dogged ears and dilapidated pages† within the books (â€Å"Active Reading† 83) that he managed to hide away from his masters and read while he was â€Å"running errands and having lessons with the White children† (â⠂¬Å"Active Reading 89). Douglass took the little opportunities that he had to read and learn as a chance to further his intellect by taking note of certain key words and phrases in the book â€Å"The Orator†, the piece of literary work that helped open up his mind to the plight of the people who were then termed as Negro. He took serious consideration of the discussions being presented and used other resource materials in order to find out the meaning of other key words such as â€Å"abolition† and he took great pains to understand the meaning

Data collection method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Data collection method - Essay Example The organization has a significant team environment. The New York based company also provides high degree of independence towards their staffs. Individual responsibility and sense of individual respects highly prevails into the company. The company fosters high level of team environments among all the employees. Big assignments and tasks are being divided among the all team members. Generally projects are being staffed with the help of senior level management of the organization. The organization maintains close relationship with their clients and it has helped the organization to create a clear cut relationship with the clients. That is why there is no scope of confusion between the organization and customers. To maintain good relationship with the clients the organization engages itself with various kinds of activities like publishing articles and white papers. The company is related with various kinds of events also. Those events are webcast, Boot camp for compensation committee, Boston NASPP Chapters 6th Annual Regional Conference and 2014 Equilar Executive Compensation Summit. It means the organization gives significant focuses towards the client relationship. Currently the organization has very less number of employees. 10-15 employees are there with the company. Over the years the organization has gone through lots of changes. Those transitions have not been able to cause very serious problems for the company. The organization has a consistent vision for serving the clients.

Margin of Appreciation and National Security Essay

Margin of Appreciation and National Security - Essay Example Finally, the third generation of solidarity rights includes the collective rights to political self-determination and economic development†. Human rights help to protect people everywhere from political, legal and social abuses. The statements of human rights are addressed to governments, requiring compliance and enforcement on their part. Human rights deal with how people should be treated by governments and institutions. They are not moral norms applying to interpersonal conduct. According to Thomas Pogge, "to engage human rights, conduct must be in some sense official"3. Human rights apply to all countries and all people. The duties and responsibilities of ensuring human rights to a citizen are bestowed on the government of the country in which the person is located. â€Å"The international community is characterized by diversity, which is the cause of much controversy in the international human rights system since it stresses the universality of human rights.†4,5 In such a situation, the European Court for Human Rights (ECtHR or Court) enunciated a doctrine that allowed States a certain extent of latitude in the exercise of human rights according to the prevailing situation.6 This is known as the doctrine of margin of appreciation, different from the discretion allowed by the European Convention on Protection of Human Rights (ECHR or Convention) to member states in implementing human rights in internal laws.7 The Court places reliance on the doctrine of margin of appreciation to evaluate states’ extent of interference in human rights, particularly in situations where the rights are in conflict with the needs of the community. In the European context, the doctrine has assumed much greater importance in accommodating the prevailing d iversity by deciding on common perceptions applicable to all and allowing for diversity based on cultural and other factors. The doctrine is observed to have many similarities with the rational basis  test used in the American context.

The Google Maps Road Rally Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Google Maps Road Rally - Essay Example Austin spreads into 271.8 squares miles in which 6.9 square miles occupies the water. Austin is located near Colorado River along with three beautiful artificial lakes prefixing with lake named as Bird Lake, Austin, and Walter E. Long. Google maps provide the location of lake Austin as shown in the below figure from the website of Google maps after zooming the location. There is beautiful wildflower meadow and shrub/sapling habitat is evolving as the trees grow in stretch of riverbank besides Colorado River. Other species is also showing presence. Biological diversity, better water quality, improvement in oxygen level and flood control is also helpful maintaining sustainable ecosystem in area. The reservoir created in 1939 supports the electricity generation and flood control measurement in the area. Mount Bonnell is another place of interest in the vicinity of Lake Austin to serve as watchtower for the city dwellers. This serves to provide sightseeing to the visitors from the height of 780-feet with nickname Covert Park in the area of 5.36 acres to enjoy the nature’s beauty present in surrounding hills (â€Å"Google Maps†). Population of city is dominated by 63.7% of White Americans in which 49.9% are non-Hispanic according to the survey of 2005-07. The Hispanic population contributes to the 30.5% of the population. Weather condition of city supports the prevalence of subtropical humid climate that can provide sunny days across most of the time in the year. Snowfalls are rare but, it occurs at the interval of two years. City administration comprises the member of council to maintain the governance and law in the Austin. Politically the city remains divided into the groups of environmentalist and promoters of urban advancement (â€Å"Google Maps†). Economically Austin remains one of the thriving city of the US acting as hub for high tech companies including IT giants such as Dell, IBM, Motorola, HP, Apple. University of Texas remains one

Black reparations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Black reparations - Essay Example The central claims and organising and legal principles of the reparations movement are laid out in the Black Manifesto. The Manifesto is premised on the historical fact that the United States was constitutionally founded on slavery and that the persistence of racial inequality and injustice in American society is derived from slavery. The Manifesto articulates the legal principle for reparations for African Americans. According to Wade Henderson, Executive Director of the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, this principle affirms that for every wrong there is a remedy, and ... that remedy is not extinguished by time itself, particularly when the manifestations of the problem are current day and visible to all1. Judiciously, the Manifesto does not specify how to assess the damage for reparations, calling for congressional hearings to determine the basis for compensation. While the Manifesto implicates the US government as a principal benefactor and enforcer of slavery, it intentionally does not specify the form or forms of reparations, except to call for the establishment of a 'private trust', which may imply financial as well as other forms of restitution. Mazrui has delineated three categories of reparations considered during his membership of the Group of Eminent Persons. The Group was established by the Org anisation for African Unity (OAU) in 1992 to address reparations in the larger context of African slavery and colonisation. The categories, broadly defined, are 'capital transfer', 'skill transfer' and 'empowerment'. The first of the three is self-evident, implying financial compensation; the second concerns the acquisition of skills and presumably knowledge to compensate for the deprivation and underdevelopment caused by slavery and colonisation; the third, 'empowerment', calls for the apportionment to Africa of 'out of proportion power' in institutions like the World Bank and for veto authority in the Security Council of the United Nations. Within these three categories, reparations can take several forms. Historical context The call for reparations in the US is not of recent vintage. On his match through Confederate territory in 1865, General William Tecumseh Sherman issued Special Field Order No. 15 on 16 January which reserved land largely in the Sea Islands and on the South Carolina and Georgia coasts for the settlement of freed blacks. That year, nearly 40,000 former slaves settled on 400,000 acres in the 'Sherman Reservation ( Levitt, 1997). Although Sherman (and his contemporaries who advocated land distribution) did not define this as reparations, he ordered that each family of ex-slaves be given not more than forty acres of tillable land' and 'subject to the approval of the President of the United States, a possessory title in writing ( Matsuda, 1987). However, the terms of the land distribution were unclear. Was the federal government leasing or giving title of the land to the ex-slaves When the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Land (aka the Freedmen's Bureau) was established in March 1865, Congress authorised it to lease confiscated or abandoned lands to former slaves who would have the option to 'purchase the land and receive such titles thereto as the United States can convey'. But President Johnson undermined the Bureau's efforts by ordering the restoration of property to the former Confederates he had pardoned. In

The Google Maps Road Rally Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Google Maps Road Rally - Essay Example Austin spreads into 271.8 squares miles in which 6.9 square miles occupies the water. Austin is located near Colorado River along with three beautiful artificial lakes prefixing with lake named as Bird Lake, Austin, and Walter E. Long. Google maps provide the location of lake Austin as shown in the below figure from the website of Google maps after zooming the location. There is beautiful wildflower meadow and shrub/sapling habitat is evolving as the trees grow in stretch of riverbank besides Colorado River. Other species is also showing presence. Biological diversity, better water quality, improvement in oxygen level and flood control is also helpful maintaining sustainable ecosystem in area. The reservoir created in 1939 supports the electricity generation and flood control measurement in the area. Mount Bonnell is another place of interest in the vicinity of Lake Austin to serve as watchtower for the city dwellers. This serves to provide sightseeing to the visitors from the height of 780-feet with nickname Covert Park in the area of 5.36 acres to enjoy the nature’s beauty present in surrounding hills (â€Å"Google Maps†). Population of city is dominated by 63.7% of White Americans in which 49.9% are non-Hispanic according to the survey of 2005-07. The Hispanic population contributes to the 30.5% of the population. Weather condition of city supports the prevalence of subtropical humid climate that can provide sunny days across most of the time in the year. Snowfalls are rare but, it occurs at the interval of two years. City administration comprises the member of council to maintain the governance and law in the Austin. Politically the city remains divided into the groups of environmentalist and promoters of urban advancement (â€Å"Google Maps†). Economically Austin remains one of the thriving city of the US acting as hub for high tech companies including IT giants such as Dell, IBM, Motorola, HP, Apple. University of Texas remains one

The Influence of Social Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Influence of Social Thinking - Essay Example Many people judge another person's personality and mood by only processing a small amount of information about them. We may see a person laughing at the grocery store and think they have a jovial spirit. When we see them at work, they may be cold and aloof. People are often judged by these situational moods. Yet, the person is adapting to the situation. This overemphasis on personality and the underestimation of the situation is known as fundamental attribution error (Myers 706). The person has changed their behavior to react to a different situation. This error can cause us to label and catalog people falsely. When we use only mood and behavior to judge a person and overlook the situation it's an attribution error. When we react to situations it is sometimes difficult to understand how much is our behavior being controlled by our own attitudes and how much our behavior is controlling what we think. Often times people are told 'make the best of it'. There may be a class that a student doesn't enjoy yet approaches it with a positive attitude. If other outside influences are minimal, we may do well in the class (Myers 709). However, if people tell us we will fail in the class, and we don't take any action to change the attitude, we will likely fail. Knowing that our attitude can change our behavior can be beneficial in changing our lives. We may not be able to change dramatically or quickly, but we may be able to alter our behavior a step at a time. The foot-in-the-door phenomenon states that when people agree to a small action they are more likely to agree to a larger action at a later time (Myers 709). By understanding this we can also incorporate the cognitive dissonance theory that states that we can bring our "attitudes in line with our actions" (Myers 711). By taking an attitude that we want to project, we can alter our behavior. As much as our own attitudes and social situations determine our behavior, the group that we are in exerts even more pressure. Experiments by Solomon Asch confirmed that people feel a need to conform (Myers 714). The group we are in exaggerates this need. If we are insecure, the group is large, we admire the group, and the group is unanimous, it increases our likelihood of conforming (Myers 715). This is how lone holdouts on juries are eventually swayed into changing their vote. It is also how we are persuaded to take an action we may feel is wrong. We may also conform to a group for the same reasons and elicit a positive outcome. A study group, church meeting, or volunteer organization may prompt us to behave in a positive manner. Yet, in some groups there is no general consensus and opposing views are suppressed resulting in "groupthink" (Myers 722). Panels, boards, and committees have often made serious blunders by succumbing to the phenomenon. While these group pressures may result in a bad decision, they can also become destructive and overpowering. The experiments of Stanley Milgram illustrated how far people were willing to go to conform (Myers 717). People will go beyond simply conforming and to the level of blind obedience. This is especially true if the group influence has the perception of authority and the authority is close at hand (Myers 717). The influence of people is also seen when they affect our actions such as in "social facilitation" (Myers

Recommendation for Internal Accountant Essay Example for Free

Recommendation for Internal Accountant Essay Internal Auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization’s operations (What is internal auditing?, 2010). Internal accounting control is a series of procedures designed to promote and protect sound management practices, both general and financial that will increase the likelihood that: * Financial information is reliable, so that managers and the board can depend on accurate information to make programmatic and other decisions * Assets and records of the organization are not stolen, misused, or accidentally destroyed * The organizations policies are followed * And government regulations are met (Internal Accounting, 2011). It is important to have an internal accountant available to help instill these controls and ensure compliance with Generally Accepted Principles. Internal Accountants  Management accountants and internal auditors are both imperative to a company to help with internal controls. Management accountants study and interpret business numbers, and decide on how money should be spent and advise management on key business decisions (Career: Management Accountants and Internal Auditors, 2011). Internal auditors check the records of management accountants to make sure they are accurate and that the controls are in place to protect against fraud and waste (Career: Management Accountants and Internal Auditors, 2011). Internal Auditor  The internal auditor recommended should have a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in accounting or a related field. This person should also have experience in information technology, environment and compliance if possible. The perfect candidate should also have prior experience in verifying effective organizational internal controls to ensure that records are accurate and the controls are adequate (Accountants and Auditors, 2011). He/she should also be able to recommend and review controls for the organization’s computer systems to s=ensure their reliability and integrity of the data (Accountants and Auditors, 2011). Conclusion  Internal audit standards are mandatory requirements consisting of: * Statements of basic requirements for the professional practice of internal auditing and for evaluating the effectiveness of its performance * Interpretations, which clarify terms or concepts within the statements (International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing, 2010) The internal accounting position should be filled by a potential candidate that works well with others and has knowledge of the business itself.

Health and Safety Regulations for Elderly Care

Health and Safety Regulations for Elderly Care Chapter II – Literature Review Literature Review Like any other places of work, residential homes for the elderly must have everything in line with the Occupational Health and Safety Authority (OHSA) regulations. It is the duty of the Management (employer) to ensure the health and safety of the residents, employees and visitors. Therefore, the Management is responsible for budgets, facilities and the purchasing of OHS equipment in order to conform to the OHSA. Moreover, the Management needs to understand its role in order to improve the health and safety performance of such homes for the elderly. Commitment and consultation is recommended in order to identify, prioritizing and act on key issues to make real improvements in OHS in this context (L.N. 36 of 2003 section 13.). The OHSA states that the Management (employer) has a responsibility to model healthy and safe workplaces for their residents, especially when these residents present medical conditions, mental health issues or a disability. It must provide information, training, instruction and supervision to enable workers to work safely and without risks to their health (L.N. 36 of 2003 section 4). On the other hand, according to section 15 of the same legislation, employees must cooperate, have the knowledge and to care for their own safety as possible and of others in accordance to the training and instructions given by the employer. This also includes reporting of incidents or hazards and also be able to conduct an evacuation in case of fires, earthquakes or bomb threats. In such environment, employers are obliged to designate persons having the necessary aptitude, capabilities, competence and training to assist in the undertaking of measures with regards to occupational health and safety and the prevention and control of occupational risks as per L.N. 36 of 2003 section 9. The employer shall designate workers who shall be responsible for the implementation of the measures required for fire-fighting and for the evacuation of workers. The names of the persons thus designated shall be entered into a register to be kept at the workplace, and the register shall be maintained and amended as necessary by the employer (L.N. 437 of 2012 section 9.4). Therefore, when organizing an evacuation that includes people with mobility impairments, effective fire safety management should ensure that sufficient people with relevant training are available to take control of the situation (Crowder Charters, 2013). However, having residents with mental health conditions or mobility impairments, residential homes for the elderly must set a Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan (PEEP) for every resident. The PEEP explains the method of evacuation to be used by a disabled person in each area of a building (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2011). Elderly people are likely to have some kind of disabling condition ranging from a mobility impairment, hearing impairment, visual impairment (blinded or partially sighted)to a cognitive impairment or mental health issues. Therefore, people with such disabling conditions have individual needs and each person should be responded to accordingly (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2011). However, some might have more than one-impairment and their needs may be quite specific. For example a person with dual sensory impairment (deaf blind) may have needs which are quite distinct from a person who is either just Deaf or b lind. Therefore, in order to ensure that the emergency evacuation plans run smoothly training should include practice on how to evacuate safely each person with all the specific required needs. Regular staff is likely to know the history of each resident and it is assumed that care staff would know what kind of conditions each individual resident lives with. Therefore, they are likely to be the most physically involved if an emergency evacuation occurs. Crowder and Charters (2013) argued that these carers will be the most familiar with evacuees’ requirements and how much time and help will be needed. They therefore they will be most likely the most adequate to evacuate the elderly residents from the building. It was also pointed out that staff that interacts on a regular basis with elderly people with regards to mental health issues will have the knowledge on how to achieve an evacuation without causing undue distress to individuals. Another important role of front line staff is to have knowledge about health equipment used by some of the residents in case of acute health care treatment. Crowder and Charters (2013) stressed out that patients in acute health care premises may be attached to one or several pieces of equipment as part of their treatment or life support and that the front-line staff should be consulted on whether a person can be disconnected from any of this equipment and for how long. First Aiders Having people trained as first aiders can be instrumental since in an emergency there might be the need of immediate medical assistance before professional medical care is available. The law requisite states that an employer must have a considerable number of employees trained in basic first aid procedures; not only in case of fire emergency but for whatever emergency may arise. An employer shall ensure the presence at all times of such a number of first aiders as is adequate and appropriate in the circumstances for rendering first aid to his employees if they are injured or become ill at work (L.N. 348 of 2011 section 5.1). Evacuation In their study, Crowder and Charters (2013) argued that the time that passes between the ignition of a fire and the onset of life threatening conditions is the maximum time the occupants have to move to a place of safety. They refer to it as the Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) and the total time needed for evacuation is termed the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET). Therefore, fire detection and the alert (alarm) play an important role to have the most amount of time at hand for a safe evacuation or refuge before the scenario turns into an unacceptable hazard. Evacuation training beforehand is critically important. It has to be frequent enough in order to assure no decrease in efficiency. Crowder and Charters (2013) maintained that lack of familiarity with the task at hand would lead to incorrect handling and lifting procedures, excessive number of people being required to assist and a considerable time loss because people are unsure about their next action. McMahon (2013) argued tha t there are several steps involved in an emergency evacuation and that the primary step is the recognition of a potential threat and how to take a rapid decision about whether or not to order or request an evacuation. Therefore, fire drills and training is a formal learning experience for all those involved. The University College London (2013) illustrate that the purpose and objective of a fire drill is to: Identify any weakness in the fire evacuation plan strategy. Test the procedure following any recent alteration or changes to working practices. Familiarize new staff and occupants with procedures. Test the arrangements for disabled people. Identify weaknesses in emergency communications procedures and systems. Identify positive and negative reaction of staff with designated responsibilities such as Fire evacuation Marshals. Safe Egress All the directions of travel towards the egress must be visible and immediately apparent. Therefore, maps and signs must be posted indicating the current location and the direction of travel to the nearest exit and that each exit must be clearly marked as an exit. Permanent signboards must be used for signs relating to prohibitions, warnings and mandatory requirements and the location and identification of emergency escape routes and first-aid facilities (L.N. 45 of 2002 section 2.1.1). OSHA state that these floor maps with arrows that designate the exit route assignments should be attached in areas prominently to be seen by all employees and should include locations of exits, assembly points, and equipment (such as fire extinguishers, first aid kits, spill kits) that may be needed in an emergency. It is maintained that the employer shall take all the necessary steps to provide and maintain suitable and sufficient emergency routes and exits so that in the event of danger, workers and all persons therein can evacuate all the workplace and all parts thereof quickly and as safely as possible (L.N. 437 of 2012 section 7.1). There must also be an emergency Action Plan and this has to be kept at the work place, it has to be in writing and it has to be available to all members of the residential home for review. Therefore, it is important that training for such an emergency is performed frequently enough to be knowledgeable on how to perform a safe evacuation. All exit routes have to be continuous and unobstructed. L.N. 437 of 2012 section 7.2a states that exit routes must be kept clear at all times, and lead as directly as possible to a safe, open air, specifically designated area outside the premises, which shall be on the ground floor. Therefore, the exit access itself has to be clear at all times and not blocked or obstructed and that each opening has to be protected by a self closing fire door that will remain closed or automatically closes in an emergency according to section (8d) of the same legislation. Provided that no lift shall be used as an emergency route unless such lift has been certified by a mechanical engineer as being safe to be used in emergencies (L.N. 437 of 2012 section 2a). Such context must have lifts which can be used even in a fire evacuation alert. When you have residents with physical impairments, the most practicable way to evacuate in less time possible is to travel beds or wheelchairs to the nearest safe elevator and take them safe down to ground floor. Evacuation lifts will not only improve evacuation time’s brackets for high-rise buildings, but also provide equitable egress for persons with disabling conditions (Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2013). Firefighting System and Appliances Fire fighting systems and appliances are the first aid emergency unit that can be used to domesticate the initial stages of fire. Fire ­ detection systems are of vital importance and a necessity at the place of work. For such environment, an addressable fire detection and alarm interface system is the ideal installation over the conventional fire system. This system is able to monitor and control the capabilities of each individual alarm-initiating and signal device (Alberta Group, 2014). This is an automated system having fire/smoke detectors, water sprinklers, air-conditioning system dampers, fire doors/stoppers and the fire alarm system all interfaced while alert signal is sent to the control panel at the main desk where it is constantly monitored 24/7. Having this system installed fire incidents are identified at their early stage and will prevent or minimize premises damages or harm to the people inside the building. Besides having an ‘intelligent’ automatic system, there must me also manual devices to put out the fire detected at first stage such as proper fire extinguishers, fire blankets, and fire hose pipes among others, depending upon the nature of the context environment as there are a wide range of devices that can be implemented. The employer shall ensure that workers are adequately instructed and trained as appropriate in the proper use of firefighting equipment as may be required for that work place by the Civil Protection Directorate (L.N. 437 of 2012 section 9.13). By means of ongoing training, drills and simulations, personnel are more likely to respond effectively to fire emergencies since they will increase their confidence. The Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (2011) argue that in order to ensure that the plans run smoothly training should include practice evacuations of the premises. Therefore, training is the rehearsal of the residential home’s fire evacuation plan strategy. Provision of a fully integrated PEEP system will improve safety for everyone using the building whilst identifying any weaknesses in any existing evacuation plans (DHSSPS, 2011). In the event of a real fire emergency, such training will lead everyone to know what to do and how to act in a calm and o rderly manner. Good communication and appropriate training for staff and management regarding the fire or emergency evacuation process are vital to ensure success (DHSSPS, 2011).

Fear :: essays research papers

FEAR ?@   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recently, earthquakes have hit many places like, Kobe, Greece, Turkey and Taiwan. Moreover, some scientists predict that a huge earthquake will hit the Tokai area and it will have enough power to destroy the Tokyo area. I fear earthquakes for 3 reasons: anticipation of disaster, being on the point of death in the rubble, and becoming injured or sick. First, when any size earthquake hits, even a small one, I feel fear because my mind says, ?gSomeday there will be huge earthquake?h. Actually, a huge earthquake has not come yet, but psychologically I feel fear. For example, a few days ago an earthquake hit Tokyo. It was small but my heart beat so quickly during and after the earthquake that I could not do anything because I was so scared.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a huge earthquake such as the Kobe earthquake occurs, many buildings and houses will be destroyed. At that time, I give full scope to my imagination that I will be buried under rubble. Actually, being buried under rubble is most frightening to me because I could become weaker and weaker and finally die. I am frightened not only of being buried under rubble but also of being surrounded by fire or poisonous gas. Being surrounded by fire or poisonous gas, I could feel heat or breathe with difficulty and could know I am going to die. If an airplane crashes or a bomb explodes most people will die instantly, so people usually do not feel pain or fear. However if I am buried under rubble or surrounded by fire and poisonous gas I will feel pain or have difficulty in breathing and I will not die quickly. So it is an agonizing death filled with fear.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the earthquake happens, many problems will occur; for example, there will be a problem of supply with goods or temporary dwellings. However, the most frightening problem is disease. After an earthquake, there are sanitary problems. If some diseases spread among the people, it will be difficult to cure the diseases because there will be almost no medical supplies and almost no food.

Tennysons Poetry and Views Essay -- Alfred Tennyson Poet Poems Essays

Tennyson's Poetry and Views Alfred Lord Tennyson and his works have been an important part of canonical literature for over a century. He is as important as he is because his work is exceptional in many ways. One of these exceptional differences, in my opinion, is the conflicting view of women Tennyson portrays in his poetry, especially his poem "Locksley Hall." Tennyson's "Locksley Hall" is, in my opinion, a poem that would benefit greatly from an ideological discussion concerning Tennyson's views of women. This poem poses the questions: Are Tennyson's words describing a set of beliefs felt only by the narrator of the poem, or does Tennyson himself share these beliefs? Is the condescending, yet powerful view of women only the speaking character's view, or does Tennyson at least partly share that same condescending view? After all, Tennyson was a member of Victorian society. At the time Tennyson wrote "Locksley Hall in the 1800s," women's rights were just beginning to be questioned. Previous to this time of questioning, women were thought to be totally inferior to men: †¦it was argued that as a woman's brain was smaller in cubic content it was therefore inevitable that she was unable to reason or to generalize or to pursue a connected line of thought as well as a man could. It was the accepted belief that she was both mentally and physically inferior to man; that she was, in fact, a relative creature†¦ (Crow, 146) But at the same time, Victorian men were putting women on pedestals. Yet, this privilege of being put upon a pedestal was really more condescension than a privilege. Duncan Crow, author of The Victorian Woman writes, "They were not privileges at all, but a code of prison rules; and the women were not queens, ... ...all" as he did? Perhaps Tennyson never actually made known his opinion of women and the woman's place, but he did seem to think this jilted youth's rant was typical of his time. Tennyson was writing for a Victorian audience that could sympathize with this jilted youth. I believe for one such as Tennyson to even compose such a work he, at the very least, was very familiar with the conflicting Victorian view of women. This, to me, makes "Locksley Hall" somewhat of an extension of his own ideas and beliefs, concerning women, that had been thusly shaped and influenced by his own culture. Works Cited Buckler, William E., ed. The Major Victorian Poets: Tennyson, Browning, Arnold. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 1973. Tennyson, Alfred Lord. "Locksley Hall." The Poetic and Dramatic Works of Alfred Lord Tennyson. Ed. W. J. Rolfe. NY: Houghton Mifflin Co. 1898.

Materialism in “Fifth Business” by Robertson Davies Essay

Life embodies those whose dreams are involve success. For this definition in Shoeless Joe, by W.P. Kinsella, Ray lives a fulfilled existence by following his dreams and pursuing the idealistic path. He helps others fulfill their meaning of life by traveling miles to find them and to bring them back to his field of dreams. He risks his fortune to do so, ultimately being successful. On the other hand, in the novel â€Å"Fifth Business†, by Robertson Davies, Boy Staunton believes that he will be very successful and will get what he wants if he is rich. Although boy succeeds in getting money and living a life of luxury, he is never truly happy. He always tries to reach his vision, but never seems to achieve it because he does not live in a way that makes his vision a possibility; Boy lives the life he wants. Throughout the novel, the rich possesses a sense of carelessness and he believes that money yields happiness. His neglectful view of money and his materialistic attitude, even tually lead to the destruction and downfall of his character. Authors, W.P Kinsella and Robertson Davies contrast materialistic and idealistic values in their novels. ?At the beginning of the novel Shoeless Joe, W.P Kinsella portrays the protagonist Ray as a good father and husband with an ambitious image. Ray Kinsella is called upon by forces left unknown to the readers and himself, to go on both a physical and heart-felt journey. â€Å"If you build it he will come† (Kinsella, 3). When Ray first heard the voice he knew that it had a special meaning and it was telling him to do something. At the beginning it seemed to Ray that the voice is just his own imagination, but when the voice constantly repeated he knew that it was real. From that moment Ray knew that his goal would be to build a baseball field and ‘he’ referred to Shoeless Joe. Throughout the novel, Ray Kinsella starts to believe more and more in his dream. Initially, it seemed almost impossible, but as his belief grew, he realized that it might soon be a reality. This idea of believing in one’s dreams is integral to the novel and is shown ideally in Ray’s character. In opposition, Robertson Davies characterizes the antagonist Boy Staunton as a materialistic individual who only cares about him self. When Percy Boy damaged Mary Dumpster’s brain, which caused premature birth, he quickly moved on and forgot about the incident. After many years, he was asked about recognition of Mrs. Dempster and he replied:† Not at all. Why should I?†(Davies,261). He focused on the negative aspects of his life. Boy is still finishing school and in the  process of stealing Dunny’s girl while he was away. By avoiding problems in his childhood Boy became a successful materialist. ?Ray Kinsella’s journey began when he left his family and risked his fortune to fulfill other people’s dreams. At the end he succeeded in accomplishing his goal, but did not expect any award. â€Å"I did it all. I listened to the voices, I did what they told me, and not once did I ask what’s in it for me† (Kinsella 230). He was not doing anything to please himself, but thought of others instead. He spent a lot of money to build the field and treated other men like guests. â€Å"This is my corn. You people are guests in my corn.† He proved that in order to be happy there is no need to have a lot of money and material objects. He chose an ideal path rather than a material one. While Ray is in a search for inner truth and idealism, Percy is searching for outer beauty and satisfaction with his appearance. Boy is more concerned with increasing his great wealth and all the possessions money can buy, rather than his ideal well – being. There is nothing more important for Boy than himself and his success. He is an egoist. â€Å"We looked into each other’s eyes and I knew that he was afraid, and I knew also that he would fight, lie, do anything rather than admit what I knew. And I didn’t know what in the world I could do about it.† He believes that he can control life by exerting his willpower. He does not clutter his mind with useless information, and also never forgets what is useful to his advance through life. He knows women only as sexual objects, and thinks only in terms of the surface appearance of things. ?† I feel rotten†¦ I’ve done just about everything I’ve ever planned to do, and everybody thinks I’m a success†¦ But sometimes I wish I could get into a car and drive away from the whole damned thing.† PIOTREK! Daj tu citation!! As he gets older he realizes the sterility of acquiring more things, but unfortunately doesn’t do anything in order to change. In the book Shoeless Joe, W.P. Kinsella wrote about how some people were missing something in their lives, but they found what they had been looking for when they arrived at Ray’s field. Ray built a baseball field to fulfill his unfulfilled dreams of the past. Ray’s father died when he was a teenager, so Ray did not get to spend much time with him. Ray had always longed to see his father again and this dream came true when he built the field. Others had unquenchable dreams like Ray. Archibald Graham never got to bat in the majors, and that was what was missing in his life. â€Å"Well, you know I†¦ I never got to bat in the  major leagues. I would have liked to have that chance. Just once.† (Kinsella, 165). When Archie Graham came to Ray’s field, he found the thread that tied the meaning of his life. Eddie Scissons also had an unrealized dream, all his life he had lied about himself being the oldest living Chicago Cub, but he was only looking for the recognition that he had always dreamt of having. When he came to Ray’s field, he no longer had to lie about himself being the oldest living Chicago Cub, for that’s exactly what he became. Ray’s field of dreams helped fulfill the dreams of other men besides himself, and it made all the men very happy to finally find what they have been looking for all their lives. On the other hand, in Fifth Business, Boy’s materialistic values destroyed his marriage and lead to his downfall. â€Å"To him the reality was of life lay in external things, whereas for me the only reality was of the spirit – of mind. â€Å"(Davies, 114) Percy wants everyone, and everything in control, in his control. He is not able to form warm, lasting human relationship. When Boy realized that his wife is not what he wants he decides to abandon her. When Leola commits suicide Boy’s guilt became so great that he could no longer face it. When Boy realized that his acquisitive way of living destroyed his family and lives of others, suicide was the only way out. â€Å"He was killed by the usual cabal: by himself, first of all; by the woman he knew; by the woman he did not know; by the man who granted his inmost wish; and by the inevitable fifth, who was the keeper of his conscience and keeper of the stone.† (Davies, 237). Both authors R.W. Kineslla and Robertson Davies contrast ideal vs. material values in their novels. They show that life based on material values is shallow and unrewarding, while believing and never giving up on dreams is the only true path to happiness.

Marketing strategy of Teletalk Banladesh Essay

Executive Summary From the dawn of human civilization people use many ways to communicate with each other and those ways of communication were changed or updated time to time because of new innovation and demand. The power of telephony is a new enterprise culture, from banking to agriculture to healthcare. The opportunities that lie in the telecom industry seem endless and lucrative due to the continuous innovation and growing demand for mobile-telephony. Nowadays mobile phones have become an indispensable part of Bangladeshi’s everyday-life and we never want to leave this device at home while we head for our work. Teletalk Bangladesh Ltd. was formed to operate the network installed by BTTB and it has been successful in operating a standard network and give proper service to the people of Bangladesh. Teletalk has introduced many attractive packages and all of them have been welcomed by the market. From the very beginning of its launching, Teletalk got huge popularity as it triggered the true co mpetition in the market. People have high expectation from Teletalk. They expect continuous network coverage all over the country, prompt customer service, and more value added services, data services of high band-width etc. from Teletalk. Teletalk must honor its customers by improving its services day-by-day so that people can realize that even in a competitive scenario, the public sector organization can achieve remarkable development if they get opportunity.The target market of Teletalk is clearly defined: Elite group (above 25years of age), Up market professionals and entrepreneurs and, Women and senior citizens. The Company aims to increase the current market share of 10% to 25% by December 2015 by continuously expanding and widening its coverage to the remotest areas in Bangladesh and creating Customer Care Touch Points across the Country. 2.0Company Overview Teletalk Bangladesh Limited is a public limited company, registered under the Registrar of the Joint stock companies of Bangladesh. Total shares owned by  the Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. Teletalk Bangladesh Limited (the â€Å"Company†) was incorporated on 26 December, 2004 as a public limited company under the Companies Act, 1994 with an authorized capital of Tk. 20,000,000,000 being the only government sponsored mobile telephone company in the country. On the same day the Company obtained Certificate of Commencement of Business. We continue to grow and engage our customers through our clear commitment to offering high quality products and services as well as leading customer retention and loyalty programmers. Teletalk continues to be a part of the revolution that’s connecting millions of Bangladeshi people and around the World. Teletalk Bangladesh limited was established keeping a specific role in mind. Teletalk has forged ahead and strengthened its path over the years and achieved some feats truly to be proud of, as the only Bangladeshi mobile operator and the only operator with 100% native technical and engineering human resource base, Teletalk thrives to become the true people’s phone – â€Å"Amader Phone†. Basic objectives for which the Company was formed are highlighted here under: 1. To provide mobile telephone service to the people from the public sector 2. To ensure fair competition between public and private sectors and thereby to safeguard public interest 3. To meet a portion of unmitigated high demand of mobile telephone 4. To create a new source of revenue for the government. Mission and Vision To innovate and constantly find new ways to enhance our services to our customer’s current needs and desires for the future. Our vision is to know our customers and meet their needs better than anyone else. To provide mobile telephone service to the people from the public sector To ensure fair competition between public and private sectors and thereby to safeguard Public interest To meet a portion of unmitigated high demand of mobile telephone. To create a new source of revenue for the government. 3.0 Current Market Situation Teletalk Bangladesh limited (TBL) have started their first operations in Bangladesh in 2004. The products have been well received and the marketing  is the key to the development of its brand image as well as the growth of the customer base. TBL now offering different packages for the customers. Bangladesh is the first South Asian country to adopt cellular technology back in 1993 by introducing Advanced Mobile Phone System. In fact, the liberalization of Bangladesh‘s telecommunications sector began back in 1989 but it took several years to launch the services. In 1996 the then government awarded three GSM licenses aimed at breaking the monopoly and making the cellular technology affordable to the general masses. There are six mobile phone operators in Bangladesh. These are Grameenphone (GP), Banglalink, Robi, Airtel, Citycell and Teletalk. Citycell is the first mobile phone operator in Bangladesh. Today GP is the market leader and Banglalink is the market challenger, in terms of number of subscribers they have, in Bangladesh mobile telecom industry. In Bangladesh, mobile phone subscribers are increasing very rapidly. In February 2009 total subscriber was 45.21 million which reached 76.43 million at the end of June 2011; at the end of December 2011 the figure reached 85.455 million and finally 92.120 million at the end of May 2012. Teletalk Bangladesh limited is entering its eight years of its operation. Its services have been well received and marketing will be key to the development of brand and product awareness as well as the growth of the customer base. To gain market share in this dynamic environment, Teletalk Bangladesh limited carefully target specific segment with features that deliver benefits valued by each customer. 4.0 Market Description Teletalk 2G posse’s good information about the market knows a great deal about the common attributes of the most valued customer. Before launching its experienced and prompt sell and marketing force observed the market carefully and better understood who is served, what are their specific needs and the way to communicate with the customers need and demand. Though the call rate tariff is reducing due to the heavy competition in the telecom market, the market is widening day by day as the number of mobile users are increasing and there is a lot of scope to develop this sector. Teletalk is the fastest growing telecom sector in Bangladesh. Teletalk is the part of  BTCL. At the time launching Teletalk the market was too competitive. Teletalk is the government own company operating in Bangladesh. Target market Customer can choose different packages based on several different service offer by the teletalk 2G. Specific segments are targeted by the teletalk. They different packages offer by teletalk for corporate people like teletalk executive, teletalk professional etc. From the teletalk product we can easily understand that teletalk targeting corporate people, business man and professional. Market Demographics The profile for the typical Teletalk customer consists of the following geographic, demographic factor: Geographies Teletalk has established their customer care point (CCP) only in the divisional cities and the big citied only. In their CCP’s they provides free services to their customer and also sells the mobile handsets, and mobile accessories. Demographics The teletalk Bangladesh limited targeted all group of people whose age is more than 18. Especially Teletalk 2G users are high income people who work in the different industry like bank, medical and different professional doctor, lawyers etc. 5.0 Product Review Teletalk offers an array of different packages. In addition to offering the fundamental pre-paid and post-paid mobile services, it offers a wide range of value added products and services such as, SMS, GPRS, mobile data services, infotainment services, SMS banking, Caller Ring Back Tone, Ringtones download, Picture Messaging, MMS, Voice Greetings. The pre-paid packages are- Standard Shapla (Pre-paid) Shadheen And the post-paid packages are- Standard (rajanigandha) Shapla (Post-paid) Corporate Packages Teletalk Executive (prepaid) Teletalk Executive (postpaid) Professional (prepaid) 6.0 Competitive Review At presents, there are around 6 companies that are now in the mobile phone business. They are – 1. Grameen phone 2. Banglalink 3. ROBI (Aktel) 4. Airlel (Warid Telecom) 5. City cell 6. Teletalk Those five mobile operators companies are the direct competitors of teletalk 2G. And there are also lots of indirect competitors of teletalk like Rangs telecom, Peoples telecom, etc. Citycell was the first to start telecommunication business in Bangladesh in 1989. GP and Aktel now ROBI started their business from 1997 & 1998. The service charge was great but the facilities was few. Banglalink made the history by inviting varity of services at a very cheaper rate. GrmeenPhone is the leader of the mobile market but banglalink is the second biggest company in Bangladesh. Grameen Phone Grmeen phone are the market leader in Bangladesh mobile phone operator. Grameen phone started its business in the year 1997. Grameenphone now provides voice, data and other value added services on prepaid and contract basis. Grameenphone has been a pioneer in bringing innovative mobile-based solutions to Bangladesh. Notable among these is the Healthline, a 24 hour medical call centre manned by licensed physicians. Other innovations include Studyline, a call centre-based service providing education related  information, Mobicash, for electronic purchase of train and lottery tickets, Billpay, for paying utility bills through mobile phones and over 500 community information centres across Bangladesh. These centres bring affordable Internet access and other information based services to people in rural areas. As at 31 March 2012, Grameenphone had 37.6 million subscriptions, while the estimated mobile penetration (SIM cards) and number of inhabitants in Bangladesh were 56% and 160 milli on, respectively. Grameenphone became stock listed in November 2009, with, as at the date of this Base Prospectus, the largest public offering in Bangladesh. It is listed on both the Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchanges. Banglalink GrmeenPhone is the leader of the mobile market but banglalink is the second biggest company in Bangladesh. banglalink made a revelation in the telecommunication sector. Banglalink provides different packages for different segments like Banglalink icon for corporate and high income group people and Banglalink DESH gives the best rate for their users. ROBI Robi Axiata Limited is a joint venture between Axiata Group Berhad, Malaysia and NTT DOCOMO INC, Japan. Robi Axiata, formerly known as Telekom Malaysia International (Bangladesh), commenced operations in Bangladesh in 1997 with the brand name AKTEL. On 28th March 2010, the service name was rebranded as ‘Robi’ and the company came to be known as Robi Axiata Limited.robi charges on-net and off-net .68tk/min robi to robi. Airtel Taking over warid telecomm airtel is running its operation as mobile phone operator in Bangladesh. They are the first choice young generation people. They give lots of bonus and gifts to their customer and they charge very low. City Cell City cell is the first mobile operator company and only one CDMA company in Bangladesh. Though city cell is the first company in the Bangladesh they did not stable the market as a first mover. 7.0 Channels and Logistics Review Teletalk has established their customer care point only in the divisional  cities and the big citied only. In their CCP’s they provides free services to their customer. Teletalk will be distributed through a network of retailers in the market. Among the most important channel partners being contacted are- Own outlet- Teletalk sells there product on their own customer service center. Mobile phone retail store- the mobile phone retail store and recharge centre carry teletalk 2G SIM. Electronics Specialty store- This kind of store also carry teletalk 2G SIM. SWOT Analysis The following SWOT analysis captures the key strengths and weaknesses within the teletalk 2G and describes the opportunities and threats facing teletalk. Strengths: The most and the important strength of the Teletalk is a government owned company and can easily use the government resources. Strong brand equity and recognition in Bangladesh Steadily growing customer base Alliances with industry leading corporations in mobile services & technologies The public organization uses the Teletalk as their official purpose, i.e. Desco and Desa loadsheding information. Weaknesses: The network facility all over the country is not satisfactory. The customer satisfaction is not available all over the country. Cannot offer the Value Added services other than other operators. Steady decline in average revenue per user (ARPU) No presence in key emerging markets Taxes imposes by the government Lack of experience Short of sales people Opportunities: Increasing network coverage in the Bangladesh First to introduce as T&T in coming. Mobile internet expansion New product Price competitiveness Large market Target new market segment Bankable project Availability of raw materials Free Move alliance Threats: Intensifying competition consolidation in the market Economic slowdown Bangladeshi regulation on cross-border cell phone usage by customers Political Unrest No promotional Activities Analysis of Strengths Subscriber inclination to Teletalk as a government owned organization: People have a deep inclination towards Teletalk . Because subscribers have more confidence in the government institution. They think that they might get some extra benefit from Teletalk like lower call rate, optical fiber facilities etc. rather than other providers. Teletalk’s all connections are ISD & EISD: It’s a big strength of Teletalk. It’s the only SIM which has such a versatility of connections having ISD, Economy ISD service along with both incoming and outgoing connectivity with any of the land phones. This is not seen to other providers. It gives a tremendous competitive advantage to the Teletalk Bangladesh ltd over its respective competitors. Teletalk is the only indigenous company using GSM service: Teletalk is the only local organization which is providing GSM technology in this country. The other local organization named pacific telecom is providing CDMA technology which is more expensive. So Teletalk can take this advantage over its competitors. It has also provided incoming facility up to 2015: Teletalk have a strong strength over its competitors in case of incoming facility. Teletalks present incoming duration is up to 20015. Which is 20 times more than other competitors? From the very beginning it is providing free TNT incoming: Teletalk is the only provider which is providing T&T incoming free from the very beginning. Whether other operators providers providing such kind of facility just now. Moreover its contribution to our economy can be notable: As a Govt. owned company Teletalk have a strong contribution in our national economy. Its one of the high profit generating Govt. organization  in Bangladesh. Low cost provider: The most remarkable success of Teletalk is the slump in tariff structure. It is the lowest cost provider in Bangladesh telecommunication market. Analysis of Weaknesses Premature entrance in mature market: The biggest weakness was a premature entrance in a mature market. As soon as anyone could catch hold of a Teletalk mobile, he started comparing it with the services of Grameen, Banglalink or Aktel. Lower number of human resource: The number of employee of Teletalk is too much lower regarding its requirement. As a result the service quality and customer satisfaction go down. Failed to identify difference between developed market and developing market: Teletalk failed to identify the difference between developed market and developing market. There strategy making is not match with the current situation. Lower promotional activities: The promotional campaign of Teletalk is not too much strong like other providers of Bangladesh as result consumers are less aware about Teletalk and its package. Weak management system: poor coordination among different functional department of Teletalk as result service efficiency goes down. Poor marketing: The overall marketing activities of Teletalk is not much rich like other competitors. Lower number of value added service: Teletalk Bangladesh Ltd. is providing a less number of value added service to its subscriber regarding its competitors. As a result subscribers are becoming dissatisfied on the Teletalk service. The comparison of value added services of different operators are mention below. Whereas Teletalk providing less number of value added service. Objectives and Issues OBJECTIVES Profitability Objectives-To achieve a 20% return on capital employed by August 2013. Market Share Objectives-To increase the current market share of 10% to 25% by December 2015 Promotional Objectives-To become the most admired telecom operator in the country by June 2015. Objectives for Survival-To survive the current double-dip recession. Objectives for  Branding-To make the teletalk brand the most preferred brand in the telecom industry across the Bangladesh by 2018. Issues Though teletalk started its operation 2005 but the company is not well established so our main issue is the ability to establish the teletalk as a one of the market leader and meaningful positioning. The teletalk will have to invest heavily in marketing to create a memorable and distinctive brand image projecting innovation, service and value. Teletalk have to measure awareness and response so they can adjust they are marketing efforts as necessary. Marketing Strategy Marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Teletalk as a market follower in the current Bangladesh telecom industry has to deploy various kinds of strategies in order to be able to stand the intense competition. Positioning Positioning is the heart of marketing strategy. It is the act of designing the companies offer and image so that it occupies a distinct and valued place in the target customer. After the company has decided which market segment to enter with which product, it must decide what positions it want to occupy a clear distinctive and desirable place relative to competing products in the mind of target customers. The company’s entire marketing program should support the chosen positioning strategy. Since if a product is perceived to be exactly like another product on the market, consumers would have no reason to buy it, Teletalk brings special features on the product as well as significant various services that positioned the products in the target segments. Products can be positioned with some positioning strategy. We find that Teletalk has taken has taken multi-various strategy to position its various product in the market. Teletalk position itself as own mobile phone company (Amade r phone). Teletalk is owned by Bangladesh government. It designed its products according to the usage occasion.  Consumers can use teletalk in specific occasions according to their need such as the international roaming gives the consumers an opportunity to use their cellular phone in abroad countries. The products of teletalk are available for certain classes of users. Marketing Mix 4p’s Products The basic product of Teletalk Bangladesh Ltd is its SIM. Connectivity is the Core Benefit of this product. The Expected Product is good connectivity and a large area of coverage which Teletalk struggles to maintain. Teletalk is now concentrating on its Augmented Product which is VAS (Value Added Services).It has launched some new VAS recently such as Internet SMS while previous ones such as Cricket Update or Load Shedding update continue to serve. And teletalk 2G can convert to teletalk 3G. Price The present pricing strategy for Teletalk prepaid connections is shown here- Package: Standard Call Directions Call Categories Peak [ 8am-12am ] Off Peak [ 12am-8am ] Out Going Calls Teletalk to Teletalk Tk. 1.40 Tk. 00.60 Teletalk to Others Tk. 1.90 Tk. 1.00 Teletalk to Overseas Tk. 1.90 + ISD & EISD Tk. 1.00 + ISD & EISD SMS and Voice SMS Tk. 1.00 and tk.2 GPRS Tk. 00.02/KB or Unlimited fee Tk. 800.00/Month FnF Tk. 00.75 [Teletalk] & Tk. 1.25 [Other] Package: Shadheen Call Directions Call Categories Peak [ 8am-12am ] Off Peak [ 12am-8am ] Out Going Calls Teletalk to Teletalk Tk. 0.99 TTk. 00.60 Teletalk to Others Tk. 1.90 Tk. 1.00 Teletalk to Overseas Tk. 1.90 + ISD & EISD Tk. 1.00 + ISD & EISD SMS and voice SMS Tk. 1.00 and Tk. 2 GPRS Tk. 00.02/KB or Unlimited fee Tk. 800.00/Month FnF Tk. 00.25 & Tk. 1.00 [Other] Teletalk will practice customer base pricing strategy, flexible pricing mechanisms and controlled by. In order achieve to strategic goal of cost leader we continue to maintain a pricing formula which is less than market leader by 20%. Promotion Advertising Teletalk will have to pursue an aggressive advertising campaign, as it will provide unsought services. Printing, electronic and some other Media will be used for this purpose. Print Media Electronic Media Others News Paper Magazines Television Radio Internet Outdoor Tri vision Print Media Newspaper- Teletalk should increase its advertisements in The Daily Star, TheDaily Prothom-Alo etc to communicate with the target groups. Magazines- Teletalk should advertise in magazines. Electronic Media Television- Television advertising is certainly the most effective communication strategy. Advertising for Teletalk can be done on ATN Bangla, â€Å"Channel i† etc. in their prime hours on a relatively regular basis. Radio- As the FM radios are emerging rapidly as a strong media, there will be some radio advertisement to cover the necessity based target group. This will also help to build the way when Teletalk will be gradually penetrating other areas of Bangladesh. Internet- Teletalk plans to develop a strong web page. Developing a web page and its maintenance would not be expensive. The page will contain attractive and at the same time important information about Teletalk. Transit- Recently Teletalk has advertised in BEVCO buses covering the whole bus with Teletalk themes and ads. It will publish some attractive ads and use it in some private and mass transits like Volvo and Premium bus service. This type of advertising will increase the visibility of Teletalk.. Billboard- Some billboards will be placed on busy and important roads in Dhanmondi, Gulshan, Banani, Uttara, and New Market areas. Place Teletalk sales its products through its customer care centers and the dealers. It has only 4 customer care centers which should be increased to give better service to its existing and potential subscribers. Its distribution should be made better by making SIMs available in small retail shops in every area. Teletalk participates in the trade fairs and that is also a good place to gain the attraction of the subscribers. Distribution Strategy Teletalk doesn’t sell its packages directly to its customer. Rather it maintains an indirect distribution channel for the customer. It appoints dealer for sell. Through the dealers the packages are distributed to the customers. Consumers can get the package through them. Teletalk always wants to sell its products as many as they can. As a result they try to make the packages available as many outlets and retailers as possible.The  distribution network of Teletalk is as follows Marketing Research Teletalk possesses good information about the market and knows a great deal about the common attributes of the most prized customer. This information will be leveraged to better understand who is served, what their specific needs are, and how Teletalk can better communicate with them. Using research, we are identifying the specific feature and benefits that our target market segments value. Feedback from market test, surveys, and focus group will help us develop the teletalk 2G. We are also measuring and analyzing customers attitudes towards competing company and product and services. Brand awareness research will help us determine the effectiveness and efficiency of our messages and media. Finally we will use customer satisfaction studies to improve our service and product feature. Marketing Organization Teletalk chief marketing and sales officer Mr. Habibur Rahaman holds overall responsibility of the company’s marketing activities and Unitrand ltd. advertisement firm the external marketing organization for teletalk. Implementation The following milestones identify the key marketing programs. It is important to accomplish each one on time and on budget Control and Evaluation of Performance Taletalk’s marketing plan is to serve as a guide for the organization. The following areas will be monitored to gauge performance: Revenue: monthly and annual Expenses: monthly and annual Customer satisfaction Market Share Subscriber base New product development Conclusion The biggest advantage of is that it’s a government company though teletalk did not established as a market leader. And teletalk can improve its product and service to retain in the market. GP is the leader in the market and banglalink is in the second position. Teletalk has got lot of aspect to improve the situation. To be the market leader teletalk must be very careful in the field of marketing plan and the success of the company is a matter of subject that how they are implementing the plan. References 1. www.google.com 2. www.teletalk.bd.com 3. Annual report 2009-2010 4. BTRC